The rapid deterioration of freshwater ecosystems, particularly rivers, has threatened many living organisms, including human beings. In order to comprehend and maintain the well-being of a river ecosystem, it is important to assess the spatial and temporal variations in its physico-chemical parameters. The aim of the present study was to examine spatial and temporal physico-chemical parameters of snow-fed River Poonch in the Northwest Himalayas from July 2021 to June 2023. In order to generate precise and reliable data, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, Pearson correlation, linear regression, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to analyse a total of fifteen physico-chemical parameters of the river. Significant (p < 0.05) differences spatio-temporally in physico-chemical parameters were found through one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test. Pearson correlation revealed that majority of the examined physico-chemical parameters exhibited a robust positive association (r > 0.70) in most cases, apart from DO (r ≥ − 0.80). Linear regression indicated significant (p < 0.05) associations among various physico-chemical parameters, which were substantial both in nature and size, with a coefficient of determination (r² > 0.70) in most of the cases. PCA showed that physico-chemical parameters such as AT, WT, EC, TDS, FCO₂, TA, TH, NO₂-N, NO₃-N, TP, SO₄²⁻ and F⁻ were significant for the determination of qualitative characteristics of River Poonch. In CA, two distinct clusters, viz. Cluster-I consisting of Site-III, downstream site prone to pollution and Cluster-II consisting of Site-II and Site-I, mid and upstream sites, respectively, less prone to pollution were obtained. The results of the study revealed that the water quality parameters were found well within the recommended ranges, suggesting that they are conducive for the existence of inhabitant fish species, which influence the local economy of the region.

淡水生态系统，特别是河流的迅速恶化，威胁着包括人类在内的许多生物体。为了了解和维持河流生态系统的健康，评估其物理化学参数的空间和时间变化非常重要。本研究的目的是检查 2021 年 7 月至 2023 年 6 月喜马拉雅山西北部积雪的 Poonch 河的时空物理化学参数。为了生成精确可靠的数据，采用单向方差分析、邓肯多重范围分析采用Pearson相关、线性回归、主成分分析（PCA）和聚类分析（CA）等方法对河流的15个理化参数进行了分析。 通过单向方差分析和邓肯多范围检验发现理化参数在时空上存在显着差异（p < 0.05）。 Pearson 相关性显示， 除了 DO（r  ≥ − 0.80）外，大多数检查的理化参数在大多数情况下都表现出强大的正相关性（r > 0.70）。线性回归表明各种物理化学参数之间存在显着相关性（p < 0.05），这些参数在性质和大小上都很重要， 在大多数情况下 具有决定系数（r ² _{> 0.70）。 PCA表明，AT、WT、EC、TDS、FCO 2}、TA、TH、NO ₂ -N、NO ₃ -N、TP、SO ₄ ²⁻和 F ⁻等理化参数对于定性测定具有重要意义。庞奇河的特点在加利福尼亚州，有两个不同的集群，即。获得由Site-III（易受污染的下游站点）组成的Cluster-I 和由Site-II 和Site-I（分别为中上游站点）组成的不易受污染的Cluster-II。研究结果显示，水质参数均在建议范围内，这表明它们有利于居民鱼类的生存，从而影响该地区的当地经济。