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Mental Health Conditions Associated With Strabismus in a Diverse Cohort of US Adults
JAMA Ophthalmology ( IF 8.1 ) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 , DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2024.0540
Kimberly Jin 1 , Inas F. Aboobakar 2 , Mary C. Whitman 2, 3 , Isdin Oke 2, 3
Affiliation  

ImportanceGreater understanding of the association between strabismus and mental health conditions across sociodemographic backgrounds may inform strategies to improve mental well-being in this population.ObjectiveTo describe the association of strabismus with mental health conditions in a diverse cohort of US adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used data from the National Institutes of Health’s All of Us Research Program, an ongoing program launched in 2015. The study included 3646 adults (aged ≥18 years) with strabismus and 3646 propensity score–matched controls. Statistical analysis was conducted from September 12, 2023, to January 29, 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAdults with strabismus were propensity score matched on age, gender, race and ethnicity, income, educational level, and insurance status in a 1:1 ratio with adults without strabismus. The prevalences of anxiety, depression, substance use and addiction, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia spectrum disorder among adults with strabismus were compared with controls. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of mental health conditions with sociodemographic factors in each group.ResultsThis study included 3646 adults with strabismus (median age, 67 years [IQR, 53-76 years]; 2017 women [55%]) and 3646 propensity score–matched controls (median age, 67 years [IQR, 53-76 years]; 2017 women [55%]). Individuals with strabismus had higher prevalences of anxiety (1153 [32%] vs 519 [14%]; difference, 17%; 95% CI, 15%-19%; P < .001), depression (1189 [33%] vs 514 [14%]; difference, 19%; 95% CI, 17%-20%; P < .001), substance use and addiction (116 [3%] vs 51 [1%]; difference, 2%; 95% CI, 1%-3%; P < .001), bipolar disorder (253 [7%] vs 101 [3%]; difference, 4%; 95% CI, 3%-5%; P < .001), and schizophrenia spectrum disorder (103 [3%] vs 36 [1%]; difference, 2%; 95% CI, 1%-3%; P < .001) compared with individuals without strabismus. Among adults with strabismus, higher odds of mental health conditions were associated with younger age (odds ratio [OR], 1.11 per 10-year decrease; 95% CI, 1.06-1.16 per 10-year decrease), female gender (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.41-1.85), Black or African American race and ethnicity (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.01-1.48), low income (OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 2.56-3.67), and high school education or less (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.34-1.85).Conclusions and RelevanceIn a diverse and nationwide cohort, adults with strabismus were more likely to have mental health conditions compared with adults without strabismus. Further investigation into the risk factors for poor mental health among adults with strabismus across sociodemographic backgrounds may offer novel opportunities for interventions to improve mental well-being in this population.

中文翻译:

美国成年人不同群体中与斜视相关的心理健康状况

重要性更好地了解跨社会人口背景的斜视与心理健康状况之间的关联可能会为改善该人群心理健康的策略提供信息。目的描述不同的美国成年人群体中斜视与心理健康状况的关联。设计、设置和参与者这项横断面研究使用了美国国立卫生研究院“我们所有人研究计划”的数据,该计划是 2015 年启动的一项正在进行的计划。该研究包括 3646 名患有斜视的成年人(年龄≥18 岁)和 3646 名倾向评分匹配的对照者。统计分析时间为2023年9月12日至2024年1月29日。主要结果和措施对患有斜视的成年人进行倾向评分,将年龄、性别、种族和民族、收入、教育水平和保险状况与斜视成人按1:1的比例进行匹配。没有斜视的成年人。将患有斜视的成年人中焦虑、抑郁、物质使用和成瘾、双相情感障碍和精神分裂症谱系障碍的患病率与对照组进行比较。使用逻辑回归来评估每组中心理健康状况与社会人口因素的关联。 结果本研究包括 3646 名患有斜视的成年人(中位年龄,67 岁 [IQR,53-76 岁];2017 名女性 [55%])和 3646 名斜视患者。倾向评分匹配对照(中位年龄,67 岁 [IQR,53-76 岁];2017 年女性 [55%])。斜视个体的焦虑患病率较高(1153 [32%] vs 519 [14%];差异,17%;95% CI,15%-19%;< .001)、抑郁症(1189 [33%] vs 514 [14%];差异,19%;95% CI,17%-20%;< .001),物质使用和成瘾(116 [3%] vs 51 [1%];差异,2%;95% CI,1%-3%;< .001),双相情感障碍(253 [7%] vs 101 [3%];差异,4%;95% CI,3%-5%;< .001)和精神分裂症谱系障碍(103 [3%] vs 36 [1%];差异,2%;95% CI,1%-3%;< .001) 与没有斜视的个体相比。在患有斜视的成年人中,心理健康问题的发生率较高与年龄较小有关(比值比 [OR],每 10 年下降 1.11;95% CI,每 10 年下降 1.06-1.16)、女性(OR,1.62 ;95% CI,1.41-1.85)、黑人或非裔美国人种和民族(OR,1.22;95% CI,1.01-1.48)、低收入(OR,3.06;95% CI,2.56-3.67)和高中教育程度或更低(OR,1.58;95% CI,1.34-1.85)。结论和相关性在一个多样化的全国性队列中,与没有斜视的成年人相比,患有斜视的成年人更有可能患有心理健康问题。对不同社会人口背景的斜视成年人心理健康状况不佳的危险因素进行进一步调查可能会为改善该人群心理健康的干预措施提供新的机会。
更新日期:2024-04-04
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