Economists ignore caring labor since most is provided unpaid. Disregard is unjust, theoretically indefensible, and probably misleading. Valuation requires estimates of time spent and the replacement or opportunity costs of that time. I use the maintenance costs of British workers, costs which cover both the material inputs into upkeep and the domestic services needed to turn commodities into livings, to isolate the costs of paid domestic labor. I then impute the value of unpaid domestic labor from these market equivalents, and aggregate across households without domestic servants. Historically, unpaid domestic labor represented c. 20 percent of total income, a contribution that suggests the need to revise some standard narratives.

中文翻译：

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忧心忡忡：关怀劳动的经济史

经济学家忽视了关怀劳动，因为大多数都是无偿提供的。忽视是不公正的，在理论上是站不住脚的，而且可能具有误导性。估值需要估计所花费的时间以及该时间的重置成本或机会成本。我使用英国工人的维护成本，该成本涵盖维护的物质投入和将商品转变为生活所需的家庭服务，以隔离以下成本：有薪酬的家务劳动。然后我估算未付家务劳动来自这些市场等价物，并在没有家佣的家庭中进行汇总。从历史上看，无酬家务劳动代表了c。总收入的 20%，这一贡献表明需要修改一些标准叙述。