Pleistocene–recent transtensional forearc basins and associated island uplift could be driven by sinistral–oblique convergence along the eastern Hellenic subduction zone, Greece, or by simultaneous trench retreat attributable to subduction of Permo-Triassic Tethyan lithosphere. Structural mapping and basin analysis of the Lefkos Basin, Karpathos indicate deformation best related to oblique trench retreat in which Karpathos drifts southeastward more slowly than Rhodes. Lefkos Basin, perched on a corner of the offshore Karpathos Basin, comprised two Early Pleistocene marine sub-basins developed under northwest extension. Unusually long-wavelength hummocky cross-stratification (>10 m) and clinoforms (15–20 m high) constitute distinctive marker facies. Facies architecture reflects inter-related fault-controlled subsidence, -depositional uplift/tilting, glacioeustacy, and fan-delta-lobe avulsion. A U/Th coral age of ∼600 ka and a deer mandible date a Middle Pleistocene transition to southwestward fan-delta progradation and basin uplift. Following ∼0.5 Ma fan-delta-plain deposition, the Lefkos Slide dropped a ∼3.7 km coastal plain. Subsequent steep north–south dextral–normal faults dominate Lefkos Basin, with subordinate steep east–west sinistral–normal and northeast-trending normal–oblique faults. Faults signify wrench domination based on their steepness, rare slip indicators, slip reversals and co-genetic upright isoclinal folds. These structures are integral to a forearc-scale dextral–normal shear zone, the Lefkos Shear Zone, an active crustal discontinuity spanning the southeastern forearc from eastern Crete through Kasos–Karpathos to Rhodes. Vertical coherence exists between upper-crustal dextral–normal shear in the Lefkos Shear Zone, crustal seismic anisotropy and deeper mantle processes. Hydraulic fractures, fluid-expulsion pipes, and ruptured cobbles record intermittent significant seismicity (Mw ≥5–6) that permeated the entire Lefkos basin fill spanning ∼2 million years, ultimately involving Late Roman–Early Byzantine archeological remains through ∼1000 years ago. This study encourages re-evaluation of seismic, landslide and tsunami hazards in the sector of the Hellenic forearc surrounding the Lefkos and Karpathos Basins.

中文翻译：

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希腊卡尔帕索斯的莱夫科斯剪切带（爱琴海东南部）：更新世至近期的跨张前弧盆地和古地震活动

更新世-近期的张拉前弧盆地和相关的岛屿隆起可能是由希腊东希腊俯冲带的左旋-斜向辐合驱动的，或者是由二叠纪-三叠纪特提斯岩石圈俯冲引起的同时海沟退缩驱动的。卡尔帕索斯莱夫科斯盆地的构造测绘和盆地分析表明，变形与倾斜海沟退缩最相关，其中卡尔帕索斯向东南漂移的速度比罗德岛慢。莱夫科斯盆地位于卡尔帕索斯近海盆地的一角，由两个在西北延伸过程中发育的早更新世海洋子盆地组成。异常的长波长丘状交叉层理（>10 m）和斜形（15-20 m 高）构成了独特的标志相。相结构反映了相互关联的断层控制的沉降、沉积隆起/倾斜、冰川平衡和扇三角洲裂片撕脱。 AU/Th 珊瑚年龄约为 600 ka，鹿下颌骨确定了中更新世向西南扇三角洲进积和盆地隆起的过渡。在约 0.5 Ma 扇三角洲平原沉积之后，莱夫科斯滑坡下降了约 3.7 公里的沿海平原。随后的陡峭的南北右旋正断层主导莱夫科斯盆地，其次是陡峭的东西向左旋正断层和东北走向的正斜断层。断层因其陡度、罕见的滑动指示器、滑动反转和同生直立等斜褶皱而标志着扳手的统治。这些结构是弧前尺度右旋-正向剪切带（莱夫科斯剪切带）的组成部分，这是一个活跃的地壳不连续面，横跨从克里特岛东部到卡索斯-卡尔帕索斯再到罗德岛的东南前弧。莱夫科斯剪切带的上地壳右旋-正向剪切、地壳地震各向异性和更深的地幔过程之间存在垂直相干性。水力裂缝、排液管和破裂的鹅卵石记录了间歇性的强烈地震活动（Mw ≥5-6），这些地震活动渗透到整个莱夫科斯盆地填充物，时间跨度约 200 万年，最终涉及约 1000 年前罗马晚期至拜占庭早期的考古遗迹。这项研究鼓励重新评估莱夫科斯盆地和卡尔帕索斯盆地周围的希腊弧前区域的地震、山体滑坡和海啸灾害。