Bioglass 45S5, a silica-based glass, has pioneered a new field of biomaterials. Bioglass 45S5 promotes mineralization through calcium ion release and is widely used in the dental field, including toothpaste formulations. However, the use of Bioglass 45S5 for bone grafting is limited owing to the induction of inflammation, as well as reduced degradation and ion release. Phosphate-based glasses exhibit higher solubility and ion release than silica-based glass. Given that these glasses can be synthesized at low temperatures (approximately 1,000°C), they can easily be doped with various metal oxides to confer therapeutic properties. Herein, we fabricated zinc- and fluoride-doped phosphate-based glass (multicomponent phosphate [MP] bioactive glass) and further doped aluminum oxide into the MP glass (4% Al-MP glass) to overcome the striking solubility of phosphate-based glass. Increased amounts of zinc and fluoride ions were detected in water containing the MP glass. Doping of aluminum oxide into the MP glass suppressed the striking dissolution in water, with 4% Al-MP glass exhibiting the highest stability in water. Compared with Bioglass 45S5, 4% Al-MP glass in water had a notably reduced particle size, supporting the abundant ion release of 4% Al-MP glass. Compared with Bioglass 45S5, 4% Al-MP glass enhanced the osteogenesis of mouse bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells. Mouse macrophages cultured with 4% Al-MP glass displayed enhanced induction of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages and reduced proinflammatory M1 macrophages, indicating M2 polarization. Upon implanting 4% Al-MP glass or Bioglass 45S5 in a mouse calvarial defect, 4% Al-MP glass promoted significant bone regeneration when compared with Bioglass 45S5. Hence, we successfully fabricated zinc- and fluoride-releasing bioactive glasses with improved osteogenic and anti-inflammatory properties, which could serve as a promising biomaterial for bone regeneration.

中文翻译：

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释放锌和氟化物的生物活性玻璃作为新型骨替代品

Bioglass 45S5 是一种硅基玻璃，开创了生物材料的新领域。 Bioglass 45S5 通过钙离子释放促进矿化，广泛应用于牙科领域，包括牙膏配方。然而，由于引起炎症以及降解和离子释放减少，Bioglass 45S5 在骨移植中的使用受到限制。磷酸盐基玻璃比二氧化硅基玻璃表现出更高的溶解度和离子释放。鉴于这些玻璃可以在低温（大约 1,000°C）下合成，它们可以很容易地掺杂各种金属氧化物以赋予治疗特性。在此，我们制造了锌和氟掺杂的磷酸盐基玻璃（多组分磷酸盐[MP]生物活性玻璃），并进一步将氧化铝掺杂到MP玻璃（4% Al-MP玻璃）中，以克服磷酸盐基玻璃的惊人溶解度。在含有 MP 玻璃的水中检测到锌离子和氟离子含量增加。将氧化铝掺杂到 MP 玻璃中可以抑制在水中的显着溶解，其中 4% Al-MP 玻璃在水中表现出最高的稳定性。与Bioglass 45S5相比，4% Al-MP玻璃在水中的粒径显着减小，支持4% Al-MP玻璃丰富的离子释放。与 Bioglass 45S5 相比，4% Al-MP 玻璃增强了小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨作用。用 4% Al-MP 玻璃培养的小鼠巨噬细胞显示出抗炎 M2 巨噬细胞的诱导增强，促炎 M1 巨噬细胞减少，表明 M2 极化。在小鼠颅骨缺损中植入 4% Al-MP 玻璃或 Bioglass 45S5 后，与 Bioglass 45S5 相比，4% Al-MP 玻璃显着促进了骨再生。因此，我们成功制造了释放锌和氟的生物活性玻璃，具有改善的成骨和抗炎特性，可以作为一种有前景的骨再生生物材料。