Non-spherical flagellate algae play an increasingly significant role in handling problematic issues as versatile biological micro/nanorobots and resources of valuable bioproducts. However, the commensalism of flagellate algae with distinct structures and constituents causes considerable difficulties in their further biological utilization. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a novel method to realize high-efficiency selection of non-spherical flagellate algae in a non-invasive manner. Enthused by these, we proposed a novel method to accomplish the selection of flagellate algae based on the numerical and experimental investigation of dielectrophoretic characterizations of flagellate algae. Firstly, an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian method was utilized to study the electro-orientation and dielectrophoretic assembly process of spindle-shaped and ellipsoid-shaped cells in a uniform electric field. Secondly, we studied the equilibrium state of spherical, ellipsoid-shaped, and spindle-shaped cells under positive DEP forces actuated by right-angle bipolar electrodes. Thirdly, we investigated the dielectrophoretic assembly and escape processes of the non-spherical flagellate algae in continuous flow to explore their influences on the selection. Fourthly, freshwater flagellate algae (Euglena, H. pluvialis, and C. reinhardtii) and marine ones (Euglena, Dunaliella salina, and Platymonas) were separated to validate the feasibility and adaptability of this method. Finally, this approach was engineered in the selection of Euglena cells with high viability and motility. This method presents immense prospects in the selection of pure non-spherical flagellate algae with high motility for chronic wound healing, bio-micromotor construction, and decontamination with advantages of no sheath, strong reliability, and shape-insensitivity.

中文翻译：

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直角双极电极平行通道中非球形鞭毛藻的介电泳表征和选择

非球形鞭毛藻作为多功能生物微/纳米机器人和有价值的生物产品资源，在处理问题方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。然而，具有独特结构和成分的鞭毛藻的共生现象给其进一步的生物利用带来了相当大的困难。因此，迫切需要开发一种新方法以非侵入方式实现非球形鞭毛藻的高效选择。受这些启发，我们提出了一种基于鞭毛藻介电泳特性的数值和实验研究的新方法来完成鞭毛藻的选择。首先，采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉方法研究了纺锤形和椭圆形细胞在均匀电场中的电取向和介电泳组装过程。其次，我们研究了球形、椭圆形和纺锤形细胞在直角双极电极驱动的正 DEP 力下的平衡状态。第三，我们研究了非球形鞭毛藻在连续流中的介电泳组装和逃逸过程，探讨其对选择的影响。第四，对淡水鞭毛藻（眼虫、雨生红藻和莱茵藻）和海洋鞭毛藻（眼虫、盐生杜氏藻和扁藻）进行分离，以验证该方法的可行性和适应性。最后，该方法被设计用于选择具有高活力和运动性的眼虫细胞。该方法具有无鞘、可靠性强、形状不敏感的优点，在选择高运动力的纯非球形鞭毛藻用于慢性伤口愈合、生物微电机构建和净化净化方面具有广阔的前景。