For decades, great strides have been made in the field of immunometabolism. A plethora of evidence ranging from basic mechanisms to clinical transformation has gradually embarked on immunometabolism to the center stage of innate and adaptive immunomodulation. Given this, we focus on changes in immunometabolism, a converging series of biochemical events that alters immune cell function, propose the immune roles played by diversified metabolic derivatives and enzymes, emphasize the key metabolism-related checkpoints in distinct immune cell types, and discuss the ongoing and upcoming realities of clinical treatment. It is expected that future research will reduce the current limitations of immunotherapy and provide a positive hand in immune responses to exert a broader therapeutic role. 1. Attempting to delineate the complex and multidimensional interplays between metabolites (or metabolic enzymes) and predominant immune cell populations. 2. Metabolic checkpoints of immune cells are described and the contribution of these metabolic targets to determine the metabolic adaptations of distinct immune cells in specific tissue environments is emphasized. 3. Proposed cancer-immunometabolism subcycle, enriching the theoretical foundation of the cancer-immunology field. 4. Metabolism-induced disturbances in the acid-base balance of the tumor microenvironment have non-redundant effects on immunotherapy. 5. Pending challenges and clinical concerns in metabolic insights were addressed.

中文翻译：

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癌症免疫代谢：出现、挑战和前景

几十年来，免疫代谢领域取得了长足的进步。从基本机制到临床转化的大量证据已逐渐将免疫代谢推向先天性和适应性免疫调节的中心阶段。鉴于此，我们重点关注免疫代谢的变化，即一系列改变免疫细胞功能的生化事件，提出多样化代谢衍生物和酶所发挥的免疫作用，强调不同免疫细胞类型中与代谢相关的关键检查点，并讨论临床治疗正在进行和即将到来的现实。预计未来的研究将减少免疫疗法目前的局限性，并为免疫反应提供积极的帮助，以发挥更广泛的治疗作用。 1. 试图描述代谢物（或代谢酶）与主要免疫细胞群之间复杂且多维的相互作用。 2.描述了免疫细胞的代谢检查点，并强调了这些代谢靶标对确定特定组织环境中不同免疫细胞的代谢适应的贡献。 3.提出癌症-免疫代谢亚循环，丰富了癌症-免疫学领域的理论基础。 4.代谢引起的肿瘤微环境酸碱平衡紊乱对免疫治疗具有非冗余的影响。 5. 解决了代谢见解中悬而未决的挑战和临床问题。