Ecosystem restoration is an important tool for reducing ecosystem loss and contribute to diminish the negative impacts from deriving from climate change, but can be very costly. This paper focuses on the cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis of recovering almost one million hectares of legally protected areas in the Araguaia Biodiversity Corridor (Brazil) following the Brazilian Forest code regulation. We analyze two paths for recovery, ecological and economic (including timber and agroforestry systems). We consider the direct and indirect local costs, as well as monetized environmental benefits using the social cost of carbon and avoided soil erosion. According to our estimates, in 50 years, the recovery of the Araguaia Corridor will lead to net societal benefits with either the ecological (US$ 19.8 billion) or economic (US$ 18.9 billion) pathways in all macro-regions (north, central, and south) and rural property sizes (small, medium and large). The recovery captures 262 million tCOeq and avoids 527 million tons of soil erosion with the economic path; these estimates are 23% and 1.7% higher, respectively, when using the ecological path. Importantly, we show that the restoration activity is not carbon credit dependent on being profitable when based on the economic path proposed. Additionally, this study highlights the high profitability of agroforestry systems, especially in small farms. There are also relevant local impacts, from 12 to 38 thousand new direct jobs. Even considering a limited menu of ecosystem services (carbon and soil), we show that social benefits from the Araguaia biodiversity corridor restoration exceed its social costs, justifying the subsidization of ecosystem restoration. In this sense, land use policies can incorporate mechanisms for financial support, grants, or incentives to encourage and facilitate ecosystem restoration efforts in the region.

中文翻译：

---

阿拉瓜亚生物多样性走廊成本效益分析：亚马逊和塞拉多的大规模恢复和可持续农业综合企业

生态系统恢复是减少生态系统损失的重要工具，有助于减少气候变化带来的负面影响，但成本可能非常高。本文重点对按照巴西森林法规定恢复阿拉瓜亚生物多样性走廊（巴西）近 100 万公顷合法保护区的成本效益和成本效益分析。我们分析了两种恢复路径：生态和经济（包括木材和农林系统）。我们考虑直接和间接的当地成本，以及利用碳的社会成本和避免水土流失的货币化环境效益。根据我们的估计，50 年内，阿拉瓜亚走廊的恢复将为所有宏观区域（北部、中部、北部、中部和南部）带来生态（198 亿美元）或经济（189 亿美元）路径的净社会效益。和南部）和农村财产规模（小型、中型和大型）。通过经济路径，恢复捕获 2.62 亿吨二氧化碳当量，避免 5.27 亿吨水土流失；使用生态路径时，这些估计值分别高出 23% 和 1.7%。重要的是，我们表明，根据所提出的经济路径，恢复活动并不依赖于盈利。此外，这项研究强调了农林业系统的高盈利能力，特别是在小型农场。还有相关的当地影响，新增直接就业岗位 12 至 38000 个。即使考虑到有限的生态系统服务（碳和土壤），我们也表明阿拉瓜亚生物多样性走廊恢复的社会效益超过了其社会成本，证明了生态系统恢复补贴的合理性。从这个意义上说，土地利用政策可以纳入财政支持、赠款或激励机制，以鼓励和促进该地区的生态系统恢复工作。