Climate change is one of humanity’s greatest concerns because of its environmental, economic, and social impacts. Our study addresses land tenure (expressed through agrarian reforms) and traditional livestock farming (countered by practices such as silvopastoral systems) among the numerous causes of this phenomenon. To do this, we conducted a systematic literature review, based on empirical evidence from six countries in the Global South: Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa. The results reveal that agrarian reforms have contributed to deforestation but have not yielded positive effects such as improved access to credit for adopting sustainability practices. Furthermore, the implementation of silvopastoral systems faces common challenges, such as a lack of technical support and financial resources, thus hindering the mitigation of impacts from traditional livestock farming, particularly deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions. The historical perspective allows us to comprehend political responsibilities across the Global South when it comes to climate change. This assertion does not negate ongoing efforts to increase sustainability but underscores the need to overcome systemic challenges such as inadequate state control in certain territories or mismanagement of public resources.

中文翻译：

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土地保有权、养牛生产和气候变化之间的关系——系统文献综述

气候变化因其环境、经济和社会影响而成为人类最关心的问题之一。我们的研究解决了造成这一现象的众多原因之一的土地保有制（通过土地改革来体现）和传统畜牧业（通过林牧系统等做法来对抗）。为此，我们根据来自南半球六个国家（巴西、墨西哥、哥伦比亚、肯尼亚、尼日利亚和南非）的经验证据，进行了系统的文献综述。结果表明，土地改革加剧了森林砍伐，但并未产生积极影响，例如改善采用可持续做法获得信贷的机会。此外，林牧系统的实施面临着共同的挑战，例如缺乏技术支持和财政资源，从而阻碍了减轻传统畜牧业的影响，特别是森林砍伐和温室气体排放。历史视角使我们能够理解全球南方在气候变化方面的政治责任。这一说法并不否定为提高可持续性而持续做出的努力，而是强调需要克服系统性挑战，例如某些地区国家控制不足或公共资源管理不善。