Can the experience of disagreement lead young children to reason in more sophisticated ways? Across two preregistered studies, four‐ to six‐year‐old US children (N = 136, 50% female, mixed ethnicities, data collected 2020–2022) experienced either a disagreement or an agreement with a confederate about a causal mechanism after being presented with ambiguous evidence. We measured (1) children's confidence in their belief before and after the (dis)agreement, and (2) how long children searched for information about the correct answer. Disagreement, especially with an expert (Experiment 2), reduced overconfidence and prompted children to search longer for information, compared to agreement. Together, our findings suggest possibilities for interventions aimed at fostering humility and learning across the lifespan.

中文翻译：

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分歧可以减少过度自信并促进幼儿的探索

分歧的经历能否让幼儿以更复杂的方式进行推理？在两项预先注册的研究中，四到六岁的美国儿童（氮= 136 名（50% 女性，混合种族，2020-2022 年收集的数据）在收到模棱两可的证据后，与同盟者就因果机制存在分歧或达成一致。我们测量了（1）儿童在同意（不）同意之前和之后对自己信念的信心，以及（2）儿童搜索有关正确答案的信息的时间。与达成共识相比，分歧，尤其是与专家的分歧（实验 2），可以减少过度自信，并促使儿童花更长时间寻找信息。总之，我们的研究结果表明了旨在培养谦逊和终生学习的干预措施的可能性。