In this research, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are bio-synthesized using Mangifera indica leaf extract as a sustainable capping and stabilizing source. The spherical morphology, crystallinity, and average size (17.97 nm) of the ZnO NPs are examined through field emission scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), high-resolution transmission microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The hexagonal Zn²⁺ ion array in the wurtzite structure includes zinc atoms and numerous nearest-neighboring O²⁻ ions, with an energy peak at 531.8 eV. The interactive roles of ZnO NPs and strigolactone (SL) in controlling cadmium (Cd) stress are studied in relation to morphological, biochemical, and physiological processes of the tomato plants. Cd exposure significantly lowers the growth, biomass, and total chlorophyll (48.39%) in tomato plants with the reduced activities of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. In contrast, such exposure increases metal translocation (58.00%), net photosynthesis (54.40%), and gas exchange parameters with enhanced levels of proline (83.94%), glycine betaine (72.95%), malondialdehyde (69.52%), hydrogen peroxide (97.82%), and electrolyte leakage (72.54%). Overall, the synergistic combination of ZnO NPs and SL should improve the growth, pigment content, photosynthesis, and antioxidant system of tomato plants, with increased levels of osmolytes to help maintain the water balance under stress.

中文翻译：

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通过在番茄中应用氧化锌纳米颗粒和独脚金内酯减轻镉引起的氧化损伤。

在这项研究中，氧化锌纳米粒子（ZnO NP）是使用芒果叶提取物作为可持续的封端和稳定来源进行生物合成的。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜 (ESEM)、高分辨率透射显微镜 (HRTEM)、X 射线衍射 (XRD) 和 X 射线检查 ZnO 纳米粒子的球形形态、结晶度和平均尺寸 (17.97 nm)光电子能谱（XPS）。纤锌矿结构中的六方Zn ²⁺离子阵列包括锌原子和许多最近邻的O ²⁻离子，能量峰值为531.8 eV。研究了 ZnO NPs 和独脚金内酯 (SL) 在控制镉 (Cd) 胁迫方面的相互作用，与番茄植株的形态、生化和生理过程有关。镉暴露显着降低了番茄植株的生长、生物量和总叶绿素 (48.39%)，同时酶促和非酶促抗氧化剂的活性降低。相比之下，这种暴露增加了金属易位（58.00%）、净光合作用（54.40%）和气体交换参数，脯氨酸（83.94%）、甘氨酸甜菜碱（72.95%）、丙二醛（69.52%）、过氧化氢（ 97.82%）和电解液泄漏（72.54%）。总体而言，ZnO NPs 和 SL 的协同组合应改善番茄植株的生长、色素含量、光合作用和抗氧化系统，并增加渗透剂的水平，以帮助维持胁迫下的水分平衡。