In the decade since the introduction of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures for designer devices, there has been an abundance of studies on the artificial assembly of vdW heterostructures for light–matter interactions, charge and energy transport, and other condensed matter phenomena. The interlayer interactions or hybridization in these systems non-trivially impact their physical characteristics and are sensitive to a complex set of interdependent, externally tunable parameters. There lacks a coherent perspective on how these external stimuli can be used together to engineer materials with desired properties. Here, we systematically address how interlayer hybridization in semiconducting vdW bilayers can be controlled for the realization of different properties in vertically stacked structures. We also discuss new research directions to engineer the interactions beyond bilayers and highlight opportunities that arise when different tuning parameters are simultaneously coupled.

自从为设计设备引入范德华 (vdW) 异质结构以来的十年里，针对光-物质相互作用、电荷和能量传输以及其他凝聚态现象的 vdW 异质结构的人工组装进行了大量研究。这些系统中的层间相互作用或杂交对其物理特性产生了重要影响，并且对一组复杂的相互依赖的外部可调参数敏感。对于如何一起使用这些外部刺激来设计具有所需性能的材料，缺乏一致的观点。在这里，我们系统地讨论了如何控制半导体 vdW 双层中的层间杂化，以实现垂直堆叠结构中的不同特性。我们还讨论了设计双层之外的相互作用的新研究方向，并强调了不同调谐参数同时耦合时出现的机会。