In this study, the NiFe₂O₄@ZnO nanocomposite was synthesized in a simple, accessible and affordable method using Pulicaria gnaphalodes plant extract as a reducing agent. The structural characteristics of this nanocomposite were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, X-ray energy diffraction spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. TEM micrograph confirmed the formation of spherical and cubic spinel ferrite with average dimensions of 75–85 nm. Some parameters such as pH, dose of NiFe₂O₄@ZnO nanocomposite, concentration of penicillin G and reaction time to reach optimal conditions were investigated. According to the results of the present research, the photocatalyst process along with the use of NiFe₂O₄@ZnO nanocomposite as an oxidizing agent is an effective method in degradation of the penicillin G antibiotic from aqueous solutions.

在本研究中，使用Pulicaria gnaphalodes植物提取物作为还原剂，通过简单、易获得且经济的方法合成了NiFe ₂ O ₄ @ZnO纳米复合材料。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、振动样品磁强计、X射线能量衍射光谱和动态光散射测定了这种纳米复合材料的结构特征。 TEM 显微照片证实形成了平均尺寸为 75-85 nm 的球形和立方尖晶石铁氧体。研究了一些参数，如pH、NiFe ₂ O ₄ @ZnO纳米复合材料的剂量、青霉素G的浓度和达到最佳条件的反应时间。根据目前的研究结果，光催化过程以及使用NiFe ₂ O ₄ @ZnO纳米复合材料作为氧化剂是降解水溶液中青霉素G抗生素的有效方法。