Some individuals are able to maintain their cognitive abilities despite the presence of significant Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) neuropathological changes. This discrepancy between cognition and pathology has been labeled as resilience and has evolved into a widely debated concept. External factors such as cognitive stimulation are associated with resilience to AD, but the exact cellular and molecular underpinnings are not completely understood. In this review, we discuss the current definitions used in the field, highlight the translational approaches used to investigate resilience to AD and summarize the underlying cellular and molecular substrates of resilience that have been derived from human and animal studies, which have received more and more attention in the last few years. From these studies the picture emerges that resilient individuals are different from AD patients in terms of specific pathological species and their cellular reaction to AD pathology, which possibly helps to maintain cognition up to a certain tipping point. Studying these rare resilient individuals can be of great importance as it could pave the way to novel therapeutic avenues for AD.

中文翻译：

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阿尔茨海默氏病恢复力的概念：当前定义以及细胞和分子机制

尽管存在显着的阿尔茨海默病（AD）神经病理学变化，一些人仍能够保持其认知能力。认知和病理之间的这种差异被称为复原力，并已演变成一个广泛争论的概念。认知刺激等外部因素与 AD 的恢复力有关，但确切的细胞和分子基础尚不完全清楚。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了该领域当前使用的定义，重点介绍了用于研究 AD 复原力的转化方法，并总结了源自人类和动物研究的复原力的潜在细胞和分子基础，这些研究已得到越来越多的研究。近几年来备受关注。从这些研究中可以看出，复原力个体在特定的病理种类及其对 AD 病理的细胞反应方面与 AD 患者不同，这可能有助于将认知维持到某个临界点。研究这些罕见的有弹性的个体非常重要，因为它可以为 AD 的新治疗途径铺平道路。