In deep rock engineering, complex stress conditions are encountered, which leads to difficulties in engineering disaster prevention and control. To investigate the failure behaviors and mechanisms of deep rock mining, a series of tests was designed for mining-induced failure at different simulated depths using a multifunctional true triaxial geophysical (TTG) apparatus. The results showed that both the simulated depth and mining disturbance affected the deformation characteristics of the sandstone specimens. With increasing depth, the strength gradually increased. The peak strength increased fastest in the single-sided unloading failure test (SUFT) and slowest in the stress loading and unloading failure test (SLUFT). The failure mode also changed significantly. In the displacement loading failure test (DLFT), the failure mode gradually changed from tensile failure to shear failure. In the SLUFTs, the failure mode of the specimens changed from layer cracking to shear failure. In the SUFTs, the failure mode of the specimen transitioned from layer cracking to tensile shear failure and then to shear failure. Scholars have previously proposed an elastic strain energy calculation method for true triaxial stress conditions. An elastic strain energy calculation method applicable to different mining disturbance was proposed under true triaxial stress conditions, and the evolution characteristics of the work done, elastic strain energy, and dissipated energy were analyzed. Additionally, a method to quantitatively characterize the relationship between macroscopic cracks and dissipated energy was proposed, and microscopic fracture analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Different depths and various types of mining-induced failure were fully considered, and the specimen deformation, failure type, energy evolution (including dissipation), and failure mechanisms were analyzed. The results can provide guidance for deep underground engineering projects.

中文翻译：

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采动应力作用下深部岩石真三轴能量演化特征及破坏机制

深部岩石工程受力条件复杂，给工程灾害防治带来困难。为了研究深部岩石采矿的破坏行为和机制，使用多功能真三轴地球物理（TTG）设备设计了一系列不同模拟深度的采矿诱发破坏试验。结果表明，模拟深​​度和采矿扰动都会影响砂岩试件的变形特征。随着深度的增加，力量也逐渐增强。单侧卸载失效试验（SUFT）中峰值强度增加最快，应力加载和卸载失效试验（SLUFT）中峰值强度增加最慢。失效模式也发生了显着变化。在位移加载破坏试验（DLFT）中，破坏模式逐渐从拉伸破坏转变为剪切破坏。在SLUFT中，试件的破坏模式从层开裂变为剪切破坏。在 SUFT 中，试件的破坏模式从层开裂转变为拉伸剪切破坏，然后再转变为剪切破坏。学者们此前提出了真三轴应力条件下的弹性应变能计算方法。提出了真三轴应力条件下适用于不同开采扰动的弹性应变能计算方法，分析了所做功、弹性应变能和耗散能的演化特征。此外，提出了一种定量表征宏观裂纹与耗散能量之间关系的方法，并使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）进行微观断裂分析。充分考虑不同深度、不同类型的采矿诱发破坏，对试件变形、破坏类型、能量演化（包括耗散）和破坏机制进行分析。研究结果可为深部地下工程项目提供指导。