The negative effects of the accelerating climate change due partly to fossil fuel consumption is calling for the rapid development of sustainable energies such as biohydrogen, which is produced using microorganisms. Here we review biohydrogen production from biomass, with focus on biomass pretreatment, fermentative production, factors affecting production, bioreactors, kinetics and modeling, and improved production with nanoparticles. Pretreatments include chemical, physical and biological methods. Hydrogen production is done by photo-fermentation or dark fermentation. Influencing factors comprise pH, temperature, hydraulic retention time, and the presence of fermentation inhibitors. Continuous stirred tank-, anaerobic fluidized bed-, anaerobic sequencing batch-, up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket- and dynamic membrane reactors are used. Additives include cobalt, nickel and iron nanoparticles. Compared to thermochemical, photochemical and electrochemical processes, biohydrogen production needs more time but is easy to operate, cost-effective and environmentally friendly.

部分由于化石燃料消耗而导致的气候变化加速带来的负面影响要求快速发展可持续能源，例如利用微生物生产的生物氢。在这里，我们回顾了生物质的生物氢生产，重点关注生物质预处理、发酵生产、影响生产的因素、生物反应器、动力学和建模，以及利用纳米颗粒改进生产。预处理包括化学、物理和生物方法。氢气生产是通过光发酵或暗发酵完成的。影响因素包括 pH 值、温度、水力保留时间和发酵抑制剂的存在。使用连续搅拌釜、厌氧流化床、厌氧序批式、上流式厌氧污泥床和动态膜反应器。添加剂包括钴、镍和铁纳米颗粒。与热化学、光化学和电化学过程相比，生物制氢需要更多的时间，但易于操作、成本效益高且环保。