Women have never been passive bystanders to the history being made around them and they have always found ways to contribute to shaping their world. Munich in 1918/1919 provides a useful site to examine women's experiences and roles due to the long-standing involvement of women in the peace movement and welfare work, as well as the foundation of the Bavarian Soviet Republic after the First World War. However, Munich in the early years of the Weimar Republic is most commonly associated with Adolf Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch in 1923, an attempt by right-wing men to seize political power. Moreover, the 1918 revolution is also often told through the lens of male political figures. As a result, politics in the early twentieth century is easy to view as a male-dominated affair with women merely experiencing the effects of male political power. This era, particularly from the perspective of Munich, also becomes viewed through the lens of the rise of fascism, which obscures and distorts the alternative political visions many women held and worked towards. This article centres on women's experiences and roles in politics and the public sphere in revolutionary Munich to ask what opportunities the revolution and its immediate aftermath presented for women and how they were able to influence political decision-making despite huge barriers. Through an understanding of how their world was gendered, their role as political agents comes to the fore.

中文翻译：

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政治和公共领域中的女性：慕尼黑 1918/1919

女性从来都不是她们周围所创造的历史的被动旁观者，她们总是找到为塑造自己的世界做出贡献的方法。由于妇女长期参与和平运动和福利工作，以及第一次世界大战后巴伐利亚苏维埃共和国的建立，1918/1919 年的慕尼黑为研究妇女的经历和角色提供了有用的场所。然而，魏玛共和国早期的慕尼黑最常与 1923 年阿道夫·希特勒 (Adolf Hitler) 的啤酒馆政变联系在一起，这是右翼人士夺取政治权力的一次企图。此外，1918年革命也经常通过男性政治人物的镜头来讲述。因此，二十世纪初期的政治很容易被视为男性主导的事情，而女性仅仅受到男性政治权力的影响。这个时代，特别是从慕尼黑的角度来看，也通过法西斯主义崛起的视角来看待，它模糊和扭曲了许多女性所持有和努力实现的另类政治愿景。本文以革命慕尼黑的女性在政治和公共领域的经历和角色为中心，探讨革命及其直接后果为女性带来了哪些机会，以及她们如何在面临巨大障碍的情况下影响政治决策。通过了解他们的世界是如何性别化的，他们作为政治代理人的角色就凸显出来了。