Batteries play a pivotal role in various electrochemical energy storage systems, functioning as essential components to enhance energy utilization efficiency and expedite the realization of energy and environmental sustainability. Zn-based batteries have attracted increasing attention as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries owing to their cost effectiveness, enhanced intrinsic safety, and favorable electrochemical performance. In this context, substantial endeavors have been dedicated to crafting and advancing high-performance Zn-based batteries. However, some challenges, including limited discharging capacity, low operating voltage, low energy density, short cycle life, and complicated energy storage mechanism, need to be addressed in order to render large-scale practical applications. In this review, we comprehensively present recent advances in designing high-performance Zn-based batteries and in elucidating energy storage mechanisms. First, various redox mechanisms in Zn-based batteries are systematically summarized, including insertion-type, conversion-type, coordination-type, and catalysis-type mechanisms. Subsequently, the design strategies aiming at enhancing the electrochemical performance of Zn-based batteries are underscored, focusing on several aspects, including output voltage, capacity, energy density, and cycle life. Finally, challenges and future prospects of Zn-based batteries are discussed.

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用于可持续储能的锌基电池：策略和机制

电池在各种电化学储能系统中发挥着关键作用，是提高能源利用效率、加快实现能源和环境可持续发展的重要组成部分。锌基电池由于其成本效益、增强的本质安全性和良好的电化学性能，作为锂离子电池的有前途的替代品而受到越来越多的关注。在这种背景下，人们一直致力于制造和开发高性能锌基电池。然而，为了实现大规模实际应用，还需要解决一些挑战，包括放电容量有限、工作电压低、能量密度低、循环寿命短、储能机制复杂等。在这篇综述中，我们全面介绍了设计高性能锌基电池和阐明储能机制方面的最新进展。首先，系统总结了锌基电池中的各种氧化还原机制，包括插入型、转换型、配位型和催化型机制。随后，强调了旨在提高锌基电池电化学性能的设计策略，重点关注几个方面，包括输出电压、容量、能量密度和循环寿命。最后，讨论了锌基电池的挑战和未来前景。