Fatigue performance in both traditional and additively manufactured materials is severely affected by the presence of defects, which deserve special attention to ensure the in-service reliability and the structural integrity of complex engineering components. The traditional empirical or semi-probabilistic approaches, provided in standards and codes, only account for defects statistically; such design methodologies cannot fully exploit the material mechanical properties. Design strategies aim to explicitly account for defects features constitute a promising solution to achieve both required safety performance and material mechanical property exploitation. With the development of non-destructive techniques, such design methodologies have become applicable. However, there is still a tardiness in adopting new design strategies especially when it comes to industrial applications, e.g. emerging additive manufacturing (AM). In this review, a systematic overview is provided on the recent developments regarding fatigue behavior and failure mechanisms affected by defects, together with the methodologies for defects features characterization and probabilistic assessment. Moreover, the defects criticality and design approaches of AM parts are introduced and compared with traditional counterparts. Finally, the status of AM standardization is presented.

中文翻译：

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缺陷敏感性和疲劳设计：增材制造金属材料的确定性和概率方面

传统材料和增材制造材料的疲劳性能都受到缺陷存在的严重影响，为了确保复杂工程部件的使用可靠性和结构完整性，需要特别注意这一点。标准和规范中提供的传统经验或半概率方法仅在统计上解释缺陷；这种设计方法不能充分利用材料的机械性能。设计策略旨在明确考虑缺陷特征，这是实现所需安全性能和材料机械性能开发的有前途的解决方案。随着无损技术的发展，这种设计方法已经变得适用。然而，采用新的设计策略仍然很迟缓，尤其是在工业应用方面，例如新兴的增材制造（AM）。在这篇综述中，系统地概述了有关缺陷影响的疲劳行为和失效机制的最新进展，以及缺陷特征表征和概率评估的方法。此外，还介绍了增材制造零件的缺陷严重性和设计方法，并与传统零件进行了比较。最后介绍了增材制造标准化的现状。