A consideration of the site-specific spatial experience created by urban trees and their cultural dimensions can enrich climate adaptive tree planting strategies in Winnipeg, a city of 850,000 in the central prairies of Canada. The paper begins with an introduction to traditional urban tree planting types and analyses the range of tree planting techniques that currently define public spaces in Winnipeg. A review of the recently published for Winnipeg highlights current strengths and challenges to climate change related tree planting in the city. Urban tree planting strategies and practices demonstrate a focus on quantifiable goals such as canopy coverage, number of trees planted or ecosystem services, with little reference to how trees define places. However, cities are constituted by the -the form and patterns of how trees are planted and the spaces they create. They are also shaped by the , the diverse ways in which trees evoke different functions, values, and modes of occupation to different people at different times. Two basic approaches to urban tree planting will enrich climate-related tree planting initiatives by synthesizing the visible and invisible dimensions of the urban forest: Prioritizing the collective planting of trees as opposed to the single specimen and acknowledging the cultural dimensions of trees. Two design propositions from students at University of Manitoba demonstrate how trees can articulate the diverse ways people interact with trees through their spatial configuration and planting techniques. One draws upon tree types that acknowledge local agricultural tree planting strategies and the second responds to historical and contemporary Indigenous relationships to riparian trees. Acknowledging the planting of trees as a complex interplay between spatial, ecological, and cultural specificity allows for the communication of new values for the design and stewardship of urban trees and the provision of shade in a climate adaptive city.

中文翻译：

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看得见和看不见的森林：加拿大马尼托巴省温尼伯的遮阴栽培

考虑城市树木所创造的特定地点的空间体验及其文化维度，可以丰富温尼伯这座位于加拿大中部大草原、拥有 85 万人口的城市的气候适应性植树策略。本文首先介绍了传统的城市植树类型，并分析了目前温尼伯公共空间的植树技术范围。最近发表的温尼伯回顾强调了该市当前与气候变化相关的植树造林的优势和挑战。城市植树战略和实践表明，重点关注可量化的目标，例如树冠覆盖率、种植的树木数量或生态系统服务，而很少提及树木如何定义地方。然而，城市是由树木种植的形式和模式以及它们所创造的空间构成的。它们也受到树木在不同时间对不同人唤起不同功能、价值观和职业模式的不同方式的影响。城市植树的两种基本方法将通过综合城市森林的可见和不可见维度来丰富与气候相关的植树活动：优先考虑集体种植树木而不是单一标本，并承认树木的文化维度。曼尼托巴大学学生的两个设计命题展示了树木如何通过空间配置和种植技术来表达人们与树木互动的多种方式。一种利用了承认当地农业树木种植策略的树木类型，第二种则响应了历史和当代土著与河岸树木的关系。承认树木种植是空间、生态和文化特性之间复杂的相互作用，可以就城市树木的设计和管理以及在气候适应城市中提供遮荫方面传达新的价值观。