T cells coordinate intercellular communication through the meticulous regulation of cytokine secretion. Direct visualization of vesicular transport and intracellular distribution of cytokines provides valuable insights into the temporal and spatial mechanisms involved in regulation. Employing Jurkat E6-1 T cells and interleukin-2 (IL-2) as a model system, we investigated vesicular dynamics using single-particle tracking and the nanoscale distribution of intracellular IL-2 in fixed T cells using superresolution microscopy. Live-cell imaging revealed that in vitro activation resulted in increased vesicular dynamics. Direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy and 3D structured illumination microscopy revealed nanoscale clustering of IL-2. In vitro activation correlated with spatial accumulation of IL-2 nanoclusters into more pronounced and elongated clusters. These observations provide visual evidence that accelerated vesicular transport and spatial concatenation of IL-2 clusters at the nanoscale may constitute a potential mechanism for modulating cytokine release by Jurkat T cells.

中文翻译：

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T 细胞激活后，IL-2 的囊泡动力学和纳米级聚集增加

T 细胞通过精细调节细胞因子分泌来协调细胞间通讯。囊泡运输和细胞因子细胞内分布的直接可视化为调控所涉及的时间和空间机制提供了有价值的见解。采用 Jurkat E6-1 T 细胞和白细胞介素 2 (IL-2) 作为模型系统，我们使用单粒子跟踪研究了囊泡动力学，并使用超分辨率显微镜研究了固定 T 细胞中细胞内 IL-2 的纳米级分布。活细胞成像显示体外激活导致囊泡动力学增加。直接随机光学重建显微镜和 3D 结构照明显微镜揭示了 IL-2 的纳米级聚集。体外激活与 IL-2 纳米簇的空间积累相关，形成更明显和细长的簇。这些观察结果提供了视觉证据，表明纳米尺度上 IL-2 簇的加速囊泡运输和空间串联可能构成调节 Jurkat T 细胞释放细胞因子的潜在机制。