While largely neglected over decades during which adaptive immunity captured most of the attention, innate immune mechanisms have now become central to our understanding of immunology. Innate immunity provides the first barrier to infection in vertebrates, and it is the sole mechanism of host defense in invertebrates and plants. Innate immunity also plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis, shaping the microbiota, and in disease contexts such as cancer, neurodegeneration, metabolic syndromes, and aging. The emergence of the field of innate immunity has led to an expanded view of the immune system, which is no longer restricted to vertebrates and instead concerns all metazoans, plants, and even prokaryotes. The study of innate immunity has given rise to new concepts and language. Here, we review the history and definition of the core concepts of innate immunity, discussing their value and fruitfulness in the long run.

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先天免疫的概念基础：30 年后的盘点

尽管在过去几十年里适应性免疫引起了大部分关注，但先天免疫机制在很大程度上被忽视了，但现在已经成为我们理解免疫学的核心。先天免疫是脊椎动物感染的第一道屏障，也是无脊椎动物和植物宿主防御的唯一机制。先天免疫在维持体内平衡、塑造微生物群以及癌症、神经退行性疾病、代谢综合征和衰老等疾病中也发挥着关键作用。先天免疫领域的出现使得免疫系统的视野扩大，不再局限于脊椎动物，而是涉及所有后生动物、植物甚至原核生物。对先天免疫的研究产生了新的概念和语言。在这里，我们回顾先天免疫核心概念的历史和定义，讨论它们的长期价值和成果。