Nearly three decades since the passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, federal cash assistance to families in poverty in the United States has entered political discourse once more with the Biden Administration's introduction of the American Families Plan. At the heart of this discussion are theories of change that derive from the family and developmental sciences. As a result, scientists in these fields have a duty to understand the history of the last reform and the consequences it has since had for children in poverty. In this paper, I review the history of perspectives toward government social assistance programs, as well as extant research demonstrating the mechanisms through which maternal employment and federal cash assistance impact child wellbeing. Lastly, I propose a conceptual framework for understanding the influence of family‐based social assistance programs and parenting on child wellbeing to guide future research.

中文翻译：

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基于家庭的社会援助计划和养育对儿童发展的影响：美国贫困家庭研究的概念框架

自1996年《个人责任与工作机会协调法案》通过以来近三十年，随着拜登政府推出“美国家庭计划”，联邦对美国贫困家庭的现金援助再次进入政治讨论。这次讨论的核心是源自家庭和发展科学的变革理论。因此，这些领域的科学家有责任了解上次改革的历史及其对贫困儿童的影响。在本文中，我回顾了政府社会援助计划的历史观点，以及现有的研究，证明了孕产妇就业和联邦现金援助影响儿童福祉的机制。最后，我提出了一个概念框架，用于理解基于家庭的社会援助计划和养育方式对儿童福祉的影响，以指导未来的研究。