Plants inhabit stressful environments characterized by a variety of stressors, including mine sites, mountains, deserts, and high latitudes. Populations from stressful and reference (non‐stressful) sites often have performance differences. However, while invasive and native species may respond differently to stressful environments, there is limited understanding of the patterns in reaction norms of populations from these sites. Here, we use phylogenetically controlled meta‐analysis to assess the performance of populations under stress and non‐stress conditions. We ask whether stress populations of natives and invasives differ in the magnitude of lowered performance under non‐stress conditions and if they vary in the degree of performance advantage under stress. We also assessed whether these distinctions differ with stress intensity. Our findings revealed that natives not only have greater adaptive advantages but also more performance reductions than invasives. Populations from very stressful sites had more efficient adaptations, and performance costs increased with stress intensity in natives only. Overall, the results support the notion that adaptation is frequently costless. Reproductive output was most closely associated with adaptive costs and benefits. Our study characterized the adaptive strategies used by invasive and native plants under stressful conditions, thereby providing important insights into the limitations of adaptation to extreme sites.

中文翻译：

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对生活在压力环境中的适应性反应：入侵植物和本地植物种群是否使用不同的策略？

植物栖息在具有各种压力源的压力环境中，包括矿场、山区、沙漠和高纬度地区。来自有压力和参考（无压力）地点的人群通常存在表现差异。然而，虽然入侵物种和本地物种对压力环境的反应可能不同，但对这些地点种群的反应规范模式的了解有限。在这里，我们使用系统发育控制的荟萃分析来评估群体在压力和非压力条件下的表现。我们询问本地人和入侵者的压力群体在非压力条件下表现下降的程度是否有所不同，以及他们在压力下表现优势的程度是否有所不同。我们还评估了这些区别是否因压力强度而异。我们的研究结果表明，与入侵者相比，本地人不仅具有更大的适应优势，而且性能下降更多。来自压力很大的地区的种群具有更有效的适应能力，并且仅本地人的性能成本随着压力强度的增加而增加。总体而言，结果支持这样的观点：适应通常是无成本的。生殖产出与适应性成本和收益密切相关。我们的研究描述了入侵植物和本土植物在压力条件下使用的适应策略，从而为了解极端地点的适应局限性提供了重要的见解。