The study of vehicle stops in last-mile delivery has gained ground in the specialized logistics literature. An efficient last-mile delivery reduces distribution costs and mitigates negative externalities such as pollution and congestion. This paper estimates the stops of last-mile trucks that deliver food products in Santiago, Chile. The aim is to study last-mile delivery operations using a non-intrusive, low-cost method. Particularly, we devise a novel methodology that employs multiple data sources to detect the primary stops of cargo vehicles. The proposed methodology involves the following two steps. First, we use GPS data to identify all the candidates for stops, that is, clusters of points close to each other in terms of distance and time, and then, these stops are classified as primary according to the proximity to planned visits or check-out markings. Finally, we conduct a case study involving food distribution, deriving managerial and public policy insights. We find that the most adequate time threshold to detect stops in our context is 4 min, which is considerably lower than previous studies. This last may be explained by the last-mile nature of our study. Our results show that primary (i.e., delivery) stops are concentrated mainly in the center of Santiago, with a duration that decreases as the hours go by. This last means that some of the externalities caused by truck stops (e.g., road capacity reduction) are exacerbated during the morning rush hour. We also find that the average duration of the primary stops is 12.5 min, while the mean distance traveled between two consecutive stops is 4.68 km.

中文翻译：

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最后一英里送货车辆的停靠点估计：智利圣地亚哥市食品行业的应用

对最后一英里配送中车辆停靠点的研究在专业物流文献中已经取得了进展。高效的最后一英里配送可降低配送成本并减轻污染和拥堵等负面外部因素。本文估计了智利圣地亚哥运送食品的最后一英里卡车的停车次数。目的是使用非侵入式、低成本的方法研究最后一英里的交付操作。特别是，我们设计了一种新颖的方法，利用多个数据源来检测货运车辆的主要停靠点。所提出的方法包括以下两个步骤。首先，我们使用 GPS 数据来识别所有候选站点，即距离和时间彼此接近的点群，然后根据与计划访问或检查的接近程度将这些站点分类为主要站点。出标记。最后，我们进行了涉及食品分配的案例研究，得出管理和公共政策的见解。我们发现，在我们的环境中检测停止的最合适的时间阈值是 4 分钟，这比之前的研究要低得多。最后这一点可以用我们研究的最后一英里性质来解释。我们的结果表明，主要（即送货）站点主要集中在圣地亚哥市中心，其持续时间随着时间的推移而减少。最后这意味着卡车停靠造成的一些外部性（例如道路通行能力减少）在早高峰期间会加剧。我们还发现主要站点的平均持续时间为 12.5 分钟，而两个连续站点之间的平均行驶距离为 4.68 公里。