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Forest clearances, compensatory afforestation and biodiversity offsetting in forests: Balancing flexibility and equivalency in Switzerland
Forest Policy and Economics ( IF 4 ) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 , DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103219
Tobias Schulz , Tamaki Ohmura , David Troxler , Eva Lieberherr

The settlement area is expanding at the cost of agricultural land in densely populated regions such as Central Europe. This development is also affecting the forest. Forest clearances due to, e.g. traffic and energy infrastructure development, require afforestation elsewhere but surfaces providing appropriate soil are increasingly scarce. Switzerland is an important case in point. It is densely populated, exhibits a large amount of forest – also in the lowlands – and although it features a strong forest protection law, it recently allowed compensating forest clearances with non-forest related offsets. Based on the results of a Q-methodology survey conducted during a stakeholder workshop, we show that pressure for more flexible forest specific rules largely stems from “outside” the forest sector, i.e. the agriculture and development sector. Only a small group of actors aims at reinstalling the more restrictive regime, whereas the largest group of actors embraces the status quo. This group rejects expansion of more flexible rules and adheres to strengthening the top of the mitigation hierarchy, i.e. prioritizing the mitigation of habitat loss caused by development. This interpretation of biodiversity offsetting aligns with the conviction that development needs to respect the limits of growth. Prioritizing the mitigation hierarchy requires a planning rather than a market coordination approach. We show that in a context with rigid biodiversity offsetting rules, following a multipurpose forest regime and with high land-use competition, stakeholder preferences impede the integration of habitat banking approaches into the planning of compensatory afforestation and biodiversity offsetting in the forest.

中文翻译:

森林砍伐、补偿性造林和森林生物多样性抵消:平衡瑞士的灵活性和等效性

在中欧等人口稠密地区,定居点面积正在以牺牲农业用地为代价而扩大。这种发展也影响着森林。由于交通和能源基础设施发展等原因而造成的森林砍伐需要在其他地方植树造林,但提供适当土壤的地表却越来越稀缺。瑞士就是一个重要的例子。它人口稠密,拥有大量森林(低地也是如此),尽管它拥有强有力的森林保护法,但最近允许用非森林相关的补偿来补偿森林砍伐。根据利益相关者研讨会期间进行的 Q 方法调查的结果,我们表明要求更灵活的森林具体规则的压力主要来自林业部门“外部”,即农业和发展部门。只有一小部分行为者旨在重新建立更具限制性的政权,而最大的行为者群体则拥抱现状。该团体拒绝扩大更灵活的规则,并坚持加强缓解层次的顶层,即优先考虑缓解因发展而造成的栖息地丧失。这种对生物多样性抵消的解释与发展需要尊重增长极限的信念是一致的。优先考虑缓解层次需要规划而不是市场协调方法。我们表明,在严格的生物多样性抵消规则的背景下,遵循多用途森林制度和高度的土地使用竞争,利益相关者的偏好阻碍了将栖息地银行方法纳入森林补偿性造林和生物多样性抵消的规划中。
更新日期:2024-04-08
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