The hospitality industry faces a gender gap in leadership. Further research is needed to explore if gender stereotypes emerge naturally in applicant materials, like resumes and cover letters. This paper examines the use of agentic and communal language in men and women's self-descriptions in applicant materials, as well as differences in agentic and communal language in descriptions of successful leaders in the industry. Across Studies 1–3, women used more communal language than men in self-descriptions in applicant materials, though differences in agentic language did not emerge. Study 4 found that agentic characteristics were strongly associated with leadership in respondent descriptions of successful leaders in the industry. These findings suggest that gender stereotypes in selection contexts can be attributed to women using more communal language in applicant materials and highlight the need to assess potentially biased selection processes in the hospitality industry.

中文翻译：

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性别语言如何出现在酒店业的申请人材料和领导力描述中：文本分析研究

酒店业在领导力方面面临着性别差距。需要进一步研究来探索性别刻板印象是否自然出现在申请人材料（如简历和求职信）中。本文研究了申请材料中男性和女性自我描述中主体语言和公共语言的使用情况，以及行业成功领导者描述中主体语言和公共语言的差异。在研究 1-3 中，在申请人材料的自我描述中，女性比男性使用更多的公共语言，尽管主体语言的差异并未出现。研究 4 发现，在受访者对行业成功领导者的描述中，代理特征与领导力密切相关。这些发现表明，选拔环境中的性别刻板印象可归因于女性在申请材料中使用更多公共语言，并强调需要评估酒店业中潜在的偏见选拔过程。