Liver cancer has high incidence and mortality globally. Artificial intelligence (AI) has advanced rapidly, influencing cancer care. AI systems are already approved for clinical use in some tumour types (for example, colorectal cancer screening). Crucially, research demonstrates that AI can analyse histopathology, radiology and natural language in liver cancer, and can replace manual tasks and access hidden information in routinely available clinical data. However, for liver cancer, few of these applications have translated into large-scale clinical trials or clinically approved products. Here, we advocate for the incorporation of AI in all stages of liver cancer management. We present a taxonomy of AI approaches in liver cancer, highlighting areas with academic and commercial potential, and outline a policy for AI-based liver cancer management, including interdisciplinary training of researchers, clinicians and patients. The potential of AI in liver cancer is immense, but effort is required to ensure that AI can fulfil expectations.

肝癌在全球范围内具有较高的发病率和死亡率。人工智能 (AI) 发展迅速，影响着癌症治疗。人工智能系统已被批准用于某些肿瘤类型的临床应用（例如结直肠癌筛查）。至关重要的是，研究表明人工智能可以分析肝癌的组织病理学、放射学和自然语言，并且可以取代手动任务并访问常规临床数据中的隐藏信息。然而，对于肝癌，这些应用很少转化为大规模临床试验或临床批准的产品。在这里，我们倡导将人工智能纳入肝癌治疗的各个阶段。我们提出了肝癌人工智能方法的分类，强调了具有学术和商业潜力的领域，并概述了基于人工智能的肝癌管理政策，包括对研究人员、临床医生和患者的跨学科培训。人工智能在肝癌治疗中的潜力是巨大的，但要确保人工智能能够达到期望还需要努力。