In today’s context, the adoption of sustainable wastewater treatment methods is crucial. River estuaries have the potential to offer an economically viable and environmentally friendly solution for wastewater treatment through the flocculation of pollutants. This study investigates the role of river estuaries flowing into the southern part of the Caspian Sea in the treatment of heavy metals. Two sets of experiments were designed for this purpose. The first set involved adjusting a series of discrete aquaria in various salinity regimes, while the second set utilized only one aquarium. The results from the first set indicate the capacity of the studied estuaries to remove heavy metals through the flocculation process in the following order: Zn (70%) > Mn (60%) > Cu (49%) > Pb (24%) > Ni (19%). However, the removal rates in the second set were reduced as follows: Zn (57%) > Mn (56%) > Cu (40%) > Pb (20%) > Ni (17%). It was observed that the flocculation process exhibits an unstable nature. Furthermore, the findings reveal that heavy metals flocculation primarily occurs upstream of the estuary. However, instability in the flocculation process occurs downstream, where water parameters undergo drastic changes. Statistical analyses indicate that an increase in pH plays a significant role in the destabilization of flocs. Conversely, the initial concentration of heavy metals, dissolved oxygen, and redox potential have a positive impact on the flocculation process.

在当今的背景下，采用可持续的废水处理方法至关重要。河口有潜力通过污染物絮凝为废水处理提供经济可行且环保的解决方案。这项研究调查了流入里海南部的河口在重金属处理中的作用。为此目的设计了两组实验。第一组涉及在不同盐度条件下调整一系列离散的水族箱，而第二组仅使用一个水族箱。第一组结果表明，所研究的河口通过絮凝过程去除重金属的能力按以下顺序排列：Zn (70%) > Mn (60%) > Cu (49%) > Pb (24%) >镍（19%）。然而，第二组中的去除率降低如下：Zn (57%) > Mn (56%) > Cu (40%) > Pb (20%) > Ni (17%)。据观察，絮凝过程表现出不稳定的性质。此外，研究结果表明，重金属絮凝主要发生在河口上游。然而，絮凝过程的不稳定发生在下游，水参数发生剧烈变化。统计分析表明，pH 值的增加在絮凝体的不稳定中起着重要作用。相反，重金属的初始浓度、溶解氧和氧化还原电位对絮凝过程有积极的影响。