To explore the impact of oligohydramnios on fetal movement and hip development, given its association with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) but unclear mechanisms. Chick embryos were divided into four groups based on the severity of oligohydramnios induced by amniotic fluid aspiration (control, 0.2 mL, 0.4 mL, 0.6 mL). Fetal movement was assessed by detection of movement and quantification of residual amniotic fluid volume. Hip joint development was assessed by gross anatomic analysis, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) for cartilage assessment, and histologic observation at multiple time points. In addition, a subset of embryos from the 0.4 mL aspirated group underwent saline reinfusion and subsequent evaluation. Increasing volumes of aspirated amniotic fluid resulted in worsening of fetal movement restrictions (e.g., 0.4 mL aspirated and control group at E10: frequency difference −7.765 [95% CI: −9.125, −6.404]; amplitude difference −0.343 [95% CI: −0.588, −0.097]). The 0.4 mL aspirated group had significantly smaller hip measurements compared to controls, with reduced acetabular length (−0.418 [95% CI: −0.575, −0.261]) and width (−0.304 [95% CI: −0.491, −0.117]) at day E14.5. Histological analysis revealed a smaller femoral head (1.084 ± 0.264 cm) and shallower acetabulum (0.380 ± 0.106 cm) in the 0.4 mL group. Micro-CT showed cartilage matrix degeneration (13.6% [95% CI: 0.6%, 26.7%], = 0.043 on E14.5). Saline reinfusion resulted in significant improvements in the femoral head to greater trochanter (0.578 [95% CI: 0.323, 0.833], = 0.001). Oligohydramnios can cause DDH by restricting fetal movement and disrupting hip morphogenesis in a time-dependent manner. Timely reversal of oligohydramnios during the fetal period may prevent DDH.

中文翻译：

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首创鸡胚模型，探索羊水过少条件下髋关节发育不良的宫内病因

鉴于羊水过少与发育性髋关节发育不良 (DDH) 相关，但机制尚不清楚，探讨羊水过少对胎动和髋关节发育的影响。根据羊水抽吸引起的羊水过少的严重程度，将鸡胚胎分为四组（对照，0.2 mL、0.4 mL、0.6 mL）。通过检测运动和量化残余羊水量来评估胎儿运动。通过大体解剖分析、用于软骨评估的显微计算机断层扫描（micro-CT）以及多个时间点的组织学观察来评估髋关节发育。此外，来自 0.4 mL 抽吸组的胚胎子集接受了盐水回输和随后的评估。吸出羊水量的增加导致胎动限制恶化（例如，E10时吸出0.4 mL羊水和对照组：频率差-7.765 [95% CI：-9.125，-6.404]；幅度差-0.343 [95% CI： -0.588，-0.097]）。与对照组相比，0.4 mL 抽吸组的髋部测量值明显更小，髋臼长度 (-0.418 [95% CI: -0.575, -0.261]) 和宽度 (-0.304 [95% CI: -0.491, -0.117]) 减小在 E14.5 天。组织学分析显示 0.4 mL 组的股骨头较小（1.084 ± 0.264 cm），髋臼较浅（0.380 ± 0.106 cm）。 Micro-CT 显示软骨基质变性（13.6% [95% CI: 0.6%, 26.7%], = 0.043 on E14.5）。盐水回输导致股骨头到大转子的显着改善（0.578 [95% CI: 0.323, 0.833], = 0.001）。羊水过少会限制胎儿运动并以时间依赖性方式破坏髋部形态发生，从而导致 DDH。及时逆转胎儿期羊水过少可能会预防 DDH。