The well-established deceptive design literature has focused on conventional user interfaces. With the rise of extended reality (XR), understanding deceptive design’s unique manifestations in this immersive domain is crucial. However, existing research lacks a full, cross-disciplinary analysis that analyzes how XR technologies enable new forms of deceptive design. Our study reviews the literature on deceptive design in XR environments. We use thematic synthesis to identify key themes. We found that XR’s immersive capabilities and extensive data collection enable subtle and powerful manipulation strategies. We identified eight themes outlining these strategies and discussed existing countermeasures. Our findings show the unique risks of deceptive design in XR, highlighting implications for researchers, designers, and policymakers. We propose future research directions that explore unintentional deceptive design, data-driven manipulation solutions, user education, and the link between ethical design and policy regulations.

成熟的欺骗性设计文献主要关注传统的用户界面。随着扩展现实 (XR) 的兴起，了解欺骗性设计在这个沉浸式领域中的独特表现至关重要。然而，现有研究缺乏全面的跨学科分析来分析 XR 技术如何实现新形式的欺骗性设计。我们的研究回顾了 XR 环境中欺骗性设计的文献。我们使用主题综合来确定关键主题。我们发现 XR 的沉浸式功能和广泛的数据收集可以实现微妙而强大的操纵策略。我们确定了概述这些策略的八个主题，并讨论了现有的对策。我们的研究结果显示了 XR 中欺骗性设计的独特风险，突出了对研究人员、设计师和政策制定者的影响。我们提出未来的研究方向，探索无意识的欺骗性设计、数据驱动的操纵解决方案、用户教育以及道德设计和政策法规之间的联系。