Proton-conducting polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is a vital clean hydrogen generation technology that can ease the energy crisis resulting from global warming and dependence on fossil fuels. However, the long-term catalytic activity and stability of the extensively studied benchmark RuO catalysts in an acidic environment is insufficient for large-scale renewable energy conversion devices. Thus, significant recent efforts have focused on identifying and exploring acid-stable Ru-based electrocatalysts with low overpotential and high stability for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This review offers a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in Ru-based acidic OER catalysts, starting with a detailed understanding of design principles for Ru-based catalysts, encompassing the reaction mechanisms, degradation mechanism, and activity-stability relationships. Subsequently, advanced Ru-based catalysts regulating strategy are into four categories, within each category, a critical assessment of catalyst design and synthesis, electrocatalytic performance, along with typical examples and existing challenges. Representative examples in practical PEMWE are also provided to illustrate these advancements. Finally, the challenges and prospects for future studies on the development of Ru-based acidic OER catalysts towards the ultimate application of PEMWE are also examined.

中文翻译：

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探索用于商业规模聚合物电解质膜水电解的潜在钌基催化剂：系统评价


质子传导聚合物电解质膜水电解（PEMWE）是一种重要的清洁制氢技术，可以缓解因全球变暖和对化石燃料的依赖而导致的能源危机。然而，广泛研究的基准RuO催化剂在酸性环境中的长期催化活性和稳定性对于大规模可再生能源转换装置来说是不够的。因此，最近的重大工作集中在识别和探索酸稳定的钌基电催化剂，该催化剂具有低过电势和高稳定性，适用于析氧反应（OER）。本文对钌基酸性 OER 催化剂的最新进展进行了全面分析，首先详细了解了钌基催化剂的设计原理，包括反应机制、降解机制和活性与稳定性关系。随后，先进的钌基催化剂调控策略分为四类，每一类中，对催化剂设计与合成、电催化性能、典型实例和现有挑战进行了严格评估。还提供了实际 PEMWE 中的代表性示例来说明这些进步。最后，还探讨了未来研究发展Ru基酸性OER催化剂以实现PEMWE最终应用的挑战和前景。