In perovskite solar modules (PSMs) patterned by laser scribing, perovskite and electrode materials directly contact at the scribed edges, resulting in rapid decomposition due to the interdiffusion of atoms at the contact. We develop a non-laser additive method for manufacturing PSMs, in which an adjustable wire mask (AWM) was used to form the channels that were traditionally scribed by lasers. All layers, including perovskites, hole/electron transporting, and passivating and electrode layers, were fabricated via vapor-phase deposition, and by tuning the precursor composition, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.7% was obtained (0.1 cm). Interestingly, a geometrical fill factor (GFF) of 98% was achieved via the method, even higher than most laser-processed PSMs, and thanks to the naturally formed barrier layers, the module (PCE of 18.4% and effective area of 12 cm) showed good stability, retaining 90% of its efficiency after 500 h. This report has important implications on manufacturing stable PSMs.

中文翻译：

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通过自然形成的阻挡层稳定的非激光和全气相处理的钙钛矿太阳能模块

在通过激光划片形成图案的钙钛矿太阳能模块（PSM）中，钙钛矿和电极材料在划片边缘直接接触，由于接触处原子的相互扩散而导致快速分解。我们开发了一种用于制造 PSM 的非激光增材方法，其中使用可调线掩模 (AWM) 来形成传统上由激光划线的通道。所有层，包括钙钛矿层、空穴/电子传输层、钝化层和电极层，都是通过气相沉积制造的，通过调整前驱体成分，获得了 21.7% 的功率转换效率 (PCE) (0.1 cm)。有趣的是，通过该方法实现了 98% 的几何填充因子 (GFF)，甚至高于大多数激光加工的 PSM，并且由于自然形成的阻挡层，该模块（PCE 为 18.4%，有效面积为 12 cm）表现出良好的稳定性，500小时后仍保持90%的效率。该报告对于制造稳定的 PSM 具有重要意义。