Studies on the agrarian question in Latin America have dealt with the role of capital in the area of agriculture and forestry while paying scant attention to its role in other areas, such as mining. Research on mining extractivism, for its part, has privileged recent socio-environmental conflicts without delving into the configurations of social classes and labor relations as it relates to agriculture. This article integrates these topics, analyzing the connections between copper extractivism, the commodification of the yareta plant, and indigenous peasant labor. We studied the medium-upper basin of the Loa River, in northern Chile, where one of the most important copper mines in the world (Chuquicamata) has been operating since 1915. Using ethnography and bibliographic analysis, we provide an account of how the expansion of extractivism requires a mixture of properly capitalist labor relations mixed with customary Andean practices. The latter are subsumed by capital and have played a key structural role during certain periods.

中文翻译：

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阿塔卡马沙漠的采矿采掘主义、自然商品化和土著农民：历史视角下的亚雷塔政治经济学（1915-1960）

对拉丁美洲土地问题的研究主要关注资本在农业和林业领域的作用，而很少关注资本在采矿业等其他领域的作用。就其本身而言，对采矿采掘主义的研究优先考虑了最近的社会环境冲突，而没有深入研究与农业相关的社会阶级和劳动关系的结构。本文整合了这些主题，分析了铜开采主义、亚雷塔工厂的商品化和土著农民劳动力之间的联系。我们研究了智利北部洛阿河的中上游盆地，那里是世界上最重要的铜矿之一 (Chuquicamata) 自 1915 年以来一直在运营。通过民族志和书目分析，我们介绍了铜矿的扩张是如何进行的。采掘主义需要将适当的资本主义劳动关系与安第斯山脉的习惯做法相结合。后者被资本所包容，并在某些时期发挥了关键的结构性作用。