This article presents the development of a distance-based thread analytical device (dTAD) integrated with an ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) for quantitative monitoring of zinc ions (Zn²⁺) in human urine samples. The IIP was easily chemically modified onto the thread channel using dithizone (DTZ) as a ligand to bind to Zn²⁺ with methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as well as 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as cross-linking agents to enhance the selectivity for Zn²⁺ detection. The imprinted polymer was characterized using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Under optimization, the linear detection range was from 1.0 to 20.0 mg L⁻¹ (R² = 0.9992) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.0 mg L⁻¹. Other potentially interfering metal ions and molecules did not interfere with this approach, leading to high selectivity. Furthermore, our technique exhibits a remarkable recovery ranging from 100.48% to 103.16%, with the highest relative standard deviation (% RSD) of 5.44% for monitoring Zn²⁺ in human control urine samples, indicating high accuracy and precision. Similarly, there is no significant statistical difference between the results obtained using our method and standards on zinc supplement sample labels. The proposed method offers several advantages in detecting trace Zn²⁺ for point-of-care (POC) medical diagnostics and environmental sample analysis, such as ease of use, instrument-free readout, and cost efficiency. Overall, our developed dTAD-based IIP method holds potential for simple, affordable, and rapid detection of Zn²⁺ levels and can be applied to other metal ions’ analysis.

中文翻译：

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与离子印迹聚合物集成的简单的基于距离的螺纹分析装置，用于人体尿液样本中 Zn2+ 的定量

本文介绍了一种与离子印迹聚合物 (IIP) 集成的基于距离的螺纹分析装置 (dTAD) 的开发，用于定量监测人体尿液样本中的锌离子 (Zn ²⁺ )。使用双硫腙 (DTZ) 作为配体，以甲基丙烯酸 (MAA) 作为功能单体、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯 (EGDMA) 以及 2,2-偶氮二异丁腈⁽ AIBN) 作为交联剂以增强 Zn ²⁺检测的选择性。使用衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外 (ATR-FTIR) 光谱和扫描电子显微镜-能量色散 X 射线光谱 (SEM-EDS) 对印迹聚合物进行表征。优化后，线性检测范围为1.0至20.0 mg L ^-1 ( R ² = 0.9992)，检测限(LOD)为1.0 mg L ^-1。其他潜在干扰的金属离子和分子不会干扰这种方法，从而实现高选择性。此外，我们的技术在监测人体对照尿液样本中的 Zn ²⁺时表现出显着的回收率，范围为 100.48% 至 103.16%，最高相对标准偏差 (% RSD) 为 5.44% ，表明了较高的准确度和精密度。同样，使用我们的方法获得的结果与锌补充剂样品标签上的标准之间不存在显着的统计差异。所提出的方法在检测痕量 Zn ²⁺用于即时护理 (POC) 医疗诊断和环境样品分析方面具有多种优势，例如易于使用、无需仪器即可读出和成本效益。总体而言，我们开发的基于 dTAD 的 IIP 方法具有简单、经济且快速检测 Zn ²⁺水平的潜力，并且可应用于其他金属离子的分析。