Photoelectrocatalysis is a promising advancing technology that converts energy into electricity and purifies the environment. A photoelectrochemical (PEC) reaction that splits water and degrades pharmaceutical pollutants can be achieved using bismuth vanadate (BiVO₄). The water oxidation dynamics of BiVO₄ photoanodes are sluggish owing to poor charge separation. In this paper, we demonstrate that bismuth sulfide (Bi₂S₃) and cobalt sulfide (CoS) nanoparticles have a cooperative effect on Zr-doped BiVO₄ electrodes (Zr:BiVO₄) fabricated via PEC techniques. PEC water splitting results reveal that optimal Zr:BiVO₄@Bi₂S₃–CoS films have a photocurrent response of 3.09 mA cm⁻² at 1.23 V vs. the RHE, which is three times better than Zr:BiVO₄ films. As a result of combining the above features, Zr:BiVO₄@Bi₂S₃/CoS electrodes achieved 1.53% applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE), with a substantial reduction in photocurrent onset potential. Additionally, the composite photoanode demonstrated superior performance in the PEC degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) to previously reported photonanodes. In the PEC reaction, Zr:BiVO₄@Bi₂S₃/CoS yielded the most efficient degradation of TCH (94%), which was six times more than Zr:BiVO₄ and EC (55%). The present study presents a visible light-responsive, efficient, sustainable water-splitting technique for producing hydrogen and provides new insights into wastewater treatment.

中文翻译：

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CoS 和 Bi2S3 纳米颗粒在 Zr:BiVO4 光阳极上的协同催化行为增强光电化学亚硫酸盐氧化与药物污染降解

光电催化是一种很有前途的先进技术，可以将能量转化为电能并净化环境。使用钒酸铋 (BiVO ₄ )可以实现分解水并降解药物污染物的光电化学 (PEC) 反应。由于电荷分离不良， BiVO ₄光阳极的水氧化动力学缓慢。在本文中，我们证明硫化铋（Bi ₂ S ₃ ）和硫化钴（CoS）纳米颗粒对通过PEC技术制造的Zr掺杂BiVO ₄电极（Zr:BiVO ₄）具有协同作用。 PEC水分解结果表明，最佳Zr:BiVO ₄ @Bi ₂ S ₃ –CoS薄膜在1.23 V vs. RHE下的光电流响应为3.09 mA cm ^{-2 ，比Zr:BiVO} ₄薄膜好三倍。综合上述特征，Zr:BiVO ₄ @Bi ₂ S ₃ /CoS 电极实现了 1.53% 的外加偏压光子电流效率 (ABPE)，同时光电流起始电位大幅降低。此外，复合光电阳极在盐酸四环素 (TCH) 的 PEC 降解方面表现出优于先前报道的光电纳米电极的性能。在PEC反应中，Zr:BiVO ₄ @Bi ₂ S _{3 /CoS对TCH的降解效率最高（94%），是Zr:BiVO 4}和EC（55%）的六倍。本研究提出了一种可见光响应、高效、可持续的水分解技术来生产氢气，并为废水处理提供了新的见解。