Determining the mapping relationships between the bionic structures and aerodynamic characteristics of flapping-wing micro air vehicles (FWMAVs), therefore optimizing their comprehensive performances of pneumatic functions and maneuvering capabilities, poses a formidable challenge. In this work, a surrogate-based approach is proposed to tackle the pivotal challenges. Firstly, an experimental surrogate model is established for predicting the pneumatic performances of the flapping wings using multi-fidelity datasets, which incorporates an efficient global optimization strategy for the sample fill-in to enhance predictive precision while minimizing experimental costs. Secondly, to account for the intricate influences of control inputs on aerodynamic characteristics, comprehensive aerodynamic surrogate models are established to precisely anticipate pneumatic performances and torque allocations under different attitude control patterns. Thirdly, by elucidating the mapping relationships between bionic structures and aerodynamic performances, surrogate-based optimizations aim to identify optimal combinations of corresponding parameters of bionic structures, thereby enhancing the pneumatic and toque allocations of the FWMAV. The bionic structures achieve a maximum lift enhancement of 11.5 % and at least a 5.4 % improvement in torque generation through experimental validations. Based on the optimal outcomes of the bionic structure analysis of the FWMAV, a novel prototype family comprising three distinct sub-varieties is successfully fabricated. The findings of our research are hopefully to offer valuable insights for future FWMAV designs and make potential contributions to the advancement of standardized methodologies for evaluating their flight performances.

中文翻译：

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基于代理的扑翼微型飞行器气动和气动分配设计优化

确定扑翼微型飞行器（FWMAV）仿生结构与气动特性之间的映射关系，从而优化其气动功能和机动能力的综合性能，是一个艰巨的挑战。在这项工作中，提出了一种基于替代的方法来解决关键挑战。首先，建立了一个实验代理模型，用于使用多保真数据集预测扑翼的气动性能，该模型结合了样本填充的有效全局优化策略，以提高预测精度，同时最大限度地降低实验成本。其次，为了考虑控制输入对气动特性的复杂影响，建立了综合气动代理模型，以精确预测不同姿态控制模式下的气动性能和扭矩分配。第三，通过阐明仿生结构与气动性能之间的映射关系，基于代理的优化旨在确定仿生结构相应参数的最佳组合，从而增强FWMAV的气动和扭矩分配。通过实验验证，仿生结构的升力最大提高了 11.5%，扭矩产生至少提高了 5.4%。基于 FWMAV 仿生结构分析的最佳结果，成功制造了一个包含三个不同子品种的新型原型系列。我们的研究结果有望为未来 FWMAV 设计提供宝贵的见解，并为评估其飞行性能的标准化方法的进步做出潜在贡献。