Protein S-acylation catalyzed by protein S-acyl transferases (PATs) is a reversible lipid modification regulating protein targeting, stability, and interaction profiles. PATs are encoded by large gene families in plants, and many proteins including receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) and receptor-like kinases (RLKs) are subject to S-acylation. However, few PATs have been assigned substrates, and few S-acylated proteins have known upstream enzymes. We report that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) class A PATs redundantly mediate pollen tube guidance and participate in the S-acylation of POLLEN RECEPTOR KINASE1 (PRK1) and LOST IN POLLEN TUBE GUIDANCE1 (LIP1), a critical RLK or RLCK for pollen tube guidance, respectively. PAT1, PAT2, PAT3, PAT4, and PAT8, collectively named PENTAPAT for simplicity, are enriched in pollen and show similar subcellular distribution. Functional loss of PENTAPAT reduces seed set due to male gametophytic defects. Specifically, pentapat pollen tubes are compromised in directional growth. We determine that PRK1 and LIP1 interact with PENTAPAT, and their S-acylation is reduced in pentapat pollen. The plasma membrane (PM) association of LIP1 is reduced in pentapat pollen, whereas point mutations reducing PRK1 S-acylation affect its affinity with its interacting proteins. Our results suggest a key role of S-acylation in pollen tube guidance through modulating PM receptor complexes.

中文翻译：

---

拟南芥A类S-酰基转移酶修饰花粉受体LIP1和PRK1来调节花粉管引导

蛋白质 S-酰基转移酶 (PAT) 催化的蛋白质 S-酰化是一种可逆的脂质修饰，调节蛋白质靶向、稳定性和相互作用特征。 PAT 由植物中的大型基因家族编码，许多蛋白质，包括受体样细胞质激酶 (RLCK) 和受体样激酶 (RLK)，都会发生 S-酰化。然而，很少有 PAT 被指定为底物，并且很少有 S-酰化蛋白具有已知的上游酶。我们报道拟南芥 (Arabidopsis thaliana) A 类 PAT 冗余介导花粉管引导，并参与花粉受体激酶 1 (PRK1) 和花粉管引导丢失 (LIP1) 的 S-酰化，LIP1 是花粉管引导的关键 RLK 或 RLCK，分别。 PAT1、PAT2、PAT3、PAT4 和 PAT8（为简单起见统称为 PENTAPAT）在花粉中富集，并显示出相似的亚细胞分布。 PENTAPAT 功能丧失会因雄性配子体缺陷而减少结籽率。具体来说，五花粉管的定向生长受到损害。我们确定 PRK1 和 LIP1 与 PENTAPAT 相互作用，并且它们的 S-酰化在 pentapat 花粉中减少。 LIP1 的质膜 (PM) 关联在 pentapat 花粉中减少，而减少 PRK1 S-酰化的点突变会影响其与其相互作用蛋白的亲和力。我们的结果表明 S-酰化通过调节 PM 受体复合物在花粉管引导中发挥关键作用。