Resource patchiness caused by external events breaks the continuity and homogeneity of resource distribution in the original ecosystem. For local organisms, this leads to drastic changes in the availability of resources, breaks down the co-existence of species, and reshuffles the local ecosystem. West Lake is a freshwater lake with resource patchiness caused by multiple exogenous disturbances that has strong environmental heterogeneity that prevents clear observation of seasonal changes in the microbial communities. Despite this, the emergence of rhythmic species in response to irregular changes in the environment has been helpful for observing microbial communities dynamics in patchy ecosystems. We investigated the ecological mechanisms of seasonal changes in microbial communities in West Lake by screening rhythmic species based on the ecological niche and modern coexistence theories. The results showed that rhythmic species were the dominant factors in microbial community changes and the effects of most environmental factors on the microbial community were indirectly realised through the rhythmic species. Random forest analyses showed that seasonal changes in the microbial community were similarly predicted by the rhythmic species. In addition, we incorporated species interactions and community phylogenetic patterns into stepwise multiple regression analyses, the results of which indicate that ecological niches and species fitness may drive the coexistence of these subcommunities. Thus, this study extends our understanding of seasonal changes in microbial communities and provides new ways for observing seasonal changes in microbial communities, especially in ecosystems with resource patches. Our study also show that combining community phylogenies with co-occurrence networks based on ecological niches and modern coexistence theory can further help us understand the ecological mechanisms of interspecies coexistence.

中文翻译：

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斑块生态系统中微生物共存的机制：节律性和非节律性物种生态位重叠和物种适应性的差异

外部事件造成的资源斑块打破了原有生态系统资源分布的连续性和同质性。对于当地生物来说，这会导致资源可用性的急剧变化，打破物种的共存，并重新洗牌当地的生态系统。西湖是一个淡水湖泊，受多种外源干扰造成资源斑块化，环境异质性强，无法清晰观测微生物群落的季节变化。尽管如此，响应环境不规则变化而出现的有节奏的物种有助于观察斑块生态系统中的微生物群落动态。基于生态位和现代共存理论，通过筛选有节奏的物种，研究了西湖微生物群落季节变化的生态机制。结果表明，节律性物种是微生物群落变化的主导因素，大多数环境因素对微生物群落的影响都是通过节律性物种间接实现的。随机森林分析表明，有节奏的物种同样可以预测微生物群落的季节变化。此外，我们将物种相互作用和群落系统发育模式纳入逐步多元回归分析，其结果表明生态位和物种适应性可能驱动这些亚群落的共存。因此，这项研究扩展了我们对微生物群落季节变化的理解，并为观察微生物群落季节变化提供了新的方法，特别是在具有资源斑块的生态系统中。我们的研究还表明，将群落系统发育与基于生态位和现代共存理论的共现网络相结合，可以进一步帮助我们理解种间共存的生态机制。