In both the scientific and technological fields, there is a fundamental need for highly sensitive and specific detection of chemical traces or biological targets at the single molecule level. To achieve this, sensor technology based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a promising approach due to its extremely narrow linewidth, high sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio, target specificity and ability for non-destructive and multiplexed monitoring of chemical or biological species. Raman scattering is a phenomenon that occurs due to the interaction between photons and molecules depending on the kinetic modes of the analytes, providing unique fingerprints that enable real-time detection of chemical or biological species. By monitoring molecular activity in the vicinity of nanostructured surfaces, SERS-based sensors not only provide valuable insight into molecular interaction or binding, but also serve as a reference for the further development of powerful and optimized detection methods. While the existing reviews on SERS devices mainly focus on classical planar or chip-based substrates, a detailed review covering various strategies for highly sensitive SERS sensors based on optical fibers, nanostructuring of the fiber surface, their working mechanisms and practical applications is still pending. Only recent advances in nanotechnology and related equipment have made it possible to effectively and reliably use optical fibers as SERS substrates. Our aim is therefore to report on the current status of SERS fiber technologies, their detection mechanisms. We also highlight different fiber geometries used so far to develop miniaturized lab-on-fiber devices, and the extensive range of applications associated with these advances by emphasizing the advantages, limitations and future perspectives in this field.

中文翻译：

---

光纤 SERS 传感器：揭示小型化技术的进步、挑战和应用

在科学和技术领域，都迫切需要在单分子水平上对化学痕量或生物目标进行高灵敏度和特异性检测。为了实现这一目标，基于表面增强拉曼散射 (SERS) 的传感器技术是一种很有前途的方法，因为它具有极窄的线宽、高灵敏度和信噪比、目标特异性以及对化学物质进行无损和多重监测的能力。或生物物种。拉曼散射是由于光子和分子之间的相互作用而发生的现象，具体取决于分析物的动力学模式，提供了独特的指纹，可以实时检测化学或生物物种。通过监测纳米结构表面附近的分子活动，基于 SERS 的传感器不仅可以提供对分子相互作用或结合的有价值的见解，而且可以为进一步开发强大且优化的检测方法提供参考。虽然现有的 SERS 器件综述主要集中在经典的平面或基于芯片的基底上，但涵盖基于光纤的高灵敏度 SERS 传感器的各种策略、纤维表面的纳米结构、其工作机制和实际应用的详细综述仍有待进行。只有纳米技术和相关设备的最新进展才使得有效、可靠地使用光纤作为 SERS 基底成为可能。因此，我们的目标是报告 SERS 纤维技术的现状及其检测机制。我们还通过强调该领域的优势、局限性和未来前景，重点介绍迄今为止用于开发小型化光纤实验室设备的不同光纤几何形状，以及与这些进步相关的广泛应用。