Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is an emerging binary radiation therapy that exhibits high precision and lethlity for tumor. Its clinical efficacy has been demonstrated in locally aggressive tumors (glioma, melanoma, osteosarcoma, etc.). One paramount aspect of BNCT is the utilization of boron drugs, which has garnered significant attention from researchers. Currently, the primary boron agents employed in BNCT are L-p-boronophenylalanine (L-BPA) and NaBHSH (BSH). The former has a low boron content and necessitates repeated administration, while the latter lacks tumor selectivity and induces undifferentiated damage. The advent of novel and promising boron agents provides an opportunity for BNCT to achieve the desired clinical outcomes. In this review, we primarily focus on the research status of various boron carriers over the past decade. These carriers can be categorized based on different design strategies, including cell membrane targeting (LATs, GLUTs, peptides, etc.), nuclear targeting (nucleic acid derivatives, DNA embedders), enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect (liposome, polymer, inorganic nanoparticles) and tumor affinity (porphyrins). We delve into the challenges and breakthroughs associated with the clinical translation of boron-containing compounds and offer suggestions for the research and development of novel boron carriers.

中文翻译：

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用于硼中子捕获治疗的新型有前途的硼剂：现状和未来展望

硼中子俘获疗法（BNCT）是一种新兴的二元放射疗法，对肿瘤具有高精度和杀伤力。其临床疗效已在局部侵袭性肿瘤（神经胶质瘤、黑色素瘤、骨肉瘤等）中得到证实。 BNCT 的一个重要方面是硼药物的利用，这引起了研究人员的极大关注。目前，BNCT 中使用的主要硼剂是 Lp-硼苯丙氨酸 (L-BPA) 和 NaBHSH (BSH)。前者硼含量低，需要重复给药，而后者缺乏肿瘤选择性，会诱导未分化损伤。新颖且有前途的硼剂的出现为 BNCT 提供了实现所需临床结果的机会。在这篇综述中，我们主要关注过去十年来各种硼载体的研究现状。这些载体可以根据不同的设计策略进行分类，包括细胞膜靶向（LAT、GLUT、肽等）、核靶向（核酸衍生物、DNA嵌入器）、增强渗透性和保留（EPR）效应（脂质体、聚合物、无机纳米颗粒）和肿瘤亲和力（卟啉）。我们深入探讨含硼化合物临床转化的挑战和突破，并为新型硼载体的研发提供建议。