Despite the remarkable growth of perovskite photovoltaic technology, the performance and stability of flexible perovskite solar modules (f-PSMs) are still below the commercial level, and even the clear reasons for this have hardly been elucidated. Here, we found that flexible perovskite solar cells (f-PSCs) suffer from a trade-off between efficiency and stability due to the off-balance between surface coverage and the charge-transporting property when conventionally using colloidal SnO nanoparticles as an electron-transport layer (ETL). To resolve this trade-off, we newly designed an ETL that enhances the charge transport properties and mitigates the shunt sites, resulting in improved efficiency and operational stability. Therefore, we succeeded in achieving a certified efficiency of 21.8% in f-PSC (22.92% in-house) and 16.4% in f-PSM (900 cm). Furthermore, we discovered that incomplete coverage gives rise to the formation of a shunt pathway, causing the current crowding effect, which could have a significant impact on long-term operational stability.

中文翻译：

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克服高效、灵活的钙钛矿太阳能模块的稳定性限制

尽管钙钛矿光伏技术取得了显着的发展，但柔性钙钛矿太阳能组件（f-PSM）的性能和稳定性仍低于商业水平，甚至其明确原因也尚未阐明。在这里，我们发现，当传统使用胶体 SnO 纳米颗粒作为电子传输时，由于表面覆盖度和电荷传输特性之间的不平衡，柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池（f-PSC）面临着效率和稳定性之间的权衡。层（ETL）。为了解决这个问题，我们新设计了一种 ETL，可以增强电荷传输特性并减少分流位点，从而提高效率和运行稳定性。因此，我们成功实现了 f-PSC 中 21.8%（内部 22.92%）和 f-PSM（900 cm）中 16.4% 的认证效率。此外，我们发现不完全覆盖会导致分流通路的形成，导致电流拥挤效应，这可能对长期运行稳定性产生重大影响。