Pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, and chromium is impairing marine ecosystems. Here, we review the effect of these contaminants on coral reefs and mangrove ecosystems, with focus on reef fishes, algae, corals, and oil spills. We also discuss the effects of natural hydrocarbons. Some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons display carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Heavy metals are highly toxic to most marine living organisms, causing reproductive failure, deoxyribonucleic acid damage, and neurological problems. Heavy metals accumulate through the food chain, ending up in humans who eat seafood. Mangroves and coral reefs can be severely impacted with diminished water quality, reduced biodiversity, compromised fish habitats, decreased fish catches, and damaged seagrass beds, ultimately affecting other coastal habitats.

多环芳烃、铅、汞、砷、镉和铬的污染正在损害海洋生态系统。在这里，我们回顾了这些污染物对珊瑚礁和红树林生态系统的影响，重点关注珊瑚礁鱼类、藻类、珊瑚和石油泄漏。我们还讨论了天然碳氢化合物的影响。一些多环芳烃具有致癌和致突变特性。重金属对大多数海洋生物体具有剧毒，导致生殖障碍、脱氧核糖核酸损伤和神经系统问题。重金属通过食物链积累，最终进入食用海鲜的人类体内。红树林和珊瑚礁可能会受到水质下降、生物多样性减少、鱼类栖息地受损、鱼类捕获量减少和海草床受损等严重影响，最终影响其他沿海栖息地。