Aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen)-functionalized organic–inorganic hybrid nanoparticles (OINPs) are an emerging category of multifunctional nanomaterials with vast potential applications. The spatial arrangement and positioning of AIEgens and inorganic compounds in AIEgen-functionalized OINPs determine the structures, properties, and functionalities of the self-assembled nanomaterials. In this work, a facile and general emulsion self-assembly tactic for synthesizing well-defined AIEgen-functionalized OINPs is proposed by coassembling alkane chain-functionalized inorganic nanoparticles with hydrophobic organic AIEgens. As a proof of concept, the self-assembly and structural evolution of plasmonic-fluorescent hybrid nanoparticles (PFNPs) from concentric circle to core shell and then to Janus structures is demonstrated by using alkane chain-modified AuNPs and AIEgens as building blocks. The spatial position of AuNPs in the signal nanocomposite is controlled by varying the alkane ligand length and density on the AuNP surface. The mechanism behind the formation of various PFNP nanostructures is also elucidated through experiments and theoretical simulation. The obtained PFNPs with diverse structures exhibit spatially tunable optical and photothermal properties for advanced applications in multicolor and multimode immunolabeling and photothermal sterilization. This work presents an innovative synthetic approach of constructing AIEgen-functionalized OINPs with diverse structures, compositions, and functionalities, thereby championing the progressive development of these OINPs.

中文翻译：

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聚集诱导发射发光体功能化有机-无机纳米组件中结构和功能可调性的配体定向空间调节

聚集诱导发射发光体（AIEgen）功能化有机-无机杂化纳米颗粒（OINP）是一类新兴的多功能纳米材料，具有广阔的应用前景。 AIEgen 功能化 OINP 中 AIEgen 和无机化合物的空间排列和定位决定了自组装纳米材料的结构、性质和功能。在这项工作中，通过将烷链功能化的无机纳米粒子与疏水性有机AIEgens共组装，提出了一种简便且通用的乳液自组装策略，用于合成明确的AIEgen功能化OINPs。作为概念证明，通过使用烷烃链修饰的 AuNP 和 AIEgens 作为构建块，展示了等离子体荧光杂化纳米颗粒 (PFNP) 从同心圆到核壳再到 Janus 结构的自组装和结构演化。信号纳米复合材料中 AuNP 的空间位置是通过改变 AuNP 表面上的烷烃配体长度和密度来控制的。通过实验和理论模拟也阐明了各种 PFNP 纳米结构形成背后的机制。所获得的具有不同结构的 PFNP 表现出空间可调的光学和光热特性，可用于多色和多模式免疫标记和光热灭菌的高级应用。这项工作提出了一种创新的合成方法，构建具有不同结构、组成和功能的 AIEgen 功能化 OINP，从而推动这些 OINP 的逐步发展。