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mRNA-LNP vaccine-induced CD8+ T cells protect mice from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection in the absence of specific antibodies
Molecular Therapy ( IF 12.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-04-11 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.04.019
Brian Montoya , Carolina R. Melo-Silva , Lingjuan Tang , Samita Kafle , Peter Lidskiy , Csaba Bajusz , Máté Vadovics , Hiromi Muramatsu , Edit Abraham , Zoltan Lipinszki , Debotri Chatterjee , Gabrielle Scher , Juliana Benitez , Molly M.H. Sung , Ying K. Tam , Nicholas J. Catanzaro , Alexandra Schäfer , Raul Andino , Ralph S. Baric , David R. Martinez , Norbert Pardi , Luis J. Sigal

The role of CD8 T cells in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis or mRNA-LNP vaccine-induced protection from lethal COVID-19 is unclear. Using mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 virus (MA30) in C57BL/6 mice, we show that CD8 T cells are unnecessary for the intrinsic resistance of female or the susceptibility of male mice to lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Also, mice immunized with a di-proline prefusion-stabilized full-length SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S-2P) mRNA-LNP vaccine, which induces Spike-specific antibodies and CD8 T cells specific for the Spike-derived VNFNFNGL peptide, are protected from SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced lethality and weight loss, while mice vaccinated with mRNA-LNPs encoding only VNFNFNGL are protected from lethality but not weight loss. CD8 T cell depletion ablates protection in VNFNFNGL but not in S-2P mRNA-LNP-vaccinated mice. Therefore, mRNA-LNP vaccine-induced CD8 T cells are dispensable when protective antibodies are present but essential for survival in their absence. Hence, vaccine-induced CD8 T cells may be critical to protect against SARS-CoV-2 variants that mutate epitopes targeted by protective antibodies.

中文翻译:


在没有特异性抗体的情况下,mRNA-LNP 疫苗诱导的 CD8+ T 细胞可保护小鼠免受致命的 SARS-CoV-2 感染



CD8 T 细胞在 SARS-CoV-2 发病机制或 mRNA-LNP 疫苗诱导的致命性 COVID-19 保护中的作用尚不清楚。在 C57BL/6 小鼠中使用小鼠适应性 SARS-CoV-2 病毒 (MA30),我们发现 CD8 T 细胞对于雌性小鼠的内在抵抗力或雄性小鼠对致命 SARS-CoV-2 感染的易感性来说是不必要的。此外,使用二脯氨酸预融合稳定的全长 SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S-2P) mRNA-LNP 疫苗免疫小鼠,该疫苗可诱导 Spike 特异性抗体和对 Spike 衍生的 VNFNFNGL 肽具有特异性的 CD8 T 细胞,小鼠可以免受 SARS-CoV-2 感染引起的死亡和体重减轻,而接种仅编码 VNFNFNGL 的 mRNA-LNP 的小鼠可以免受死亡的影响,但不能减轻体重。 CD8 T 细胞耗竭会消除 VNFNFNGL 的保护作用,但不会消除 S-2P mRNA-LNP 疫苗接种小鼠的保护作用。因此,当存在保护性抗体时,mRNA-LNP 疫苗诱导的 CD8 T 细胞是可有可无的,但在保护性抗体不存在时,对于生存至关重要。因此,疫苗诱导的 CD8 T 细胞对于预防 SARS-CoV-2 变体可能至关重要,这些变体会突变保护性抗体靶向的表位。
更新日期:2024-04-11
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