The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) updates the KDIGO 2012 guideline and has been developed with patient partners, clinicians, and researchers around the world, using robust methodology. This update, based on a substantially broader base of evidence than has previously been available, reflects an exciting time in nephrology. New therapies and strategies have been tested in large and diverse populations that help to inform care; however, this guideline is not intended for people receiving dialysis nor those who have a kidney transplant. The document is sensitive to international considerations, CKD across the lifespan, and discusses special considerations in implementation. The scope includes chapters dedicated to the evaluation and risk assessment of people with CKD, management to delay CKD progression and its complications, medication management and drug stewardship in CKD, and optimal models of CKD care. Treatment approaches and actionable guideline recommendations are based on systematic reviews of relevant studies and appraisal of the quality of the evidence and the strength of recommendations which followed the “Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation” (GRADE) approach. The limitations of the evidence are discussed. The guideline also provides practice points, which serve to direct clinical care or activities for which a systematic review was not conducted, and it includes useful infographics and describes an important research agenda for the future. It targets a broad audience of people with CKD and their healthcare, while being mindful of implications for policy and payment.

中文翻译：

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KDIGO 2024 年慢性肾脏病评估和管理临床实践指南执行摘要：已知的已知和已知的未知

肾脏疾病：改善全球结局 (KDIGO) 慢性肾脏病 (CKD) 评估和管理临床实践指南更新了 KDIGO 2012 指南，并使用可靠的方法与世界各地的患者合作伙伴、临床医生和研究人员共同制定。这一更新基于比以前更广泛的证据基础，反映了肾脏病学的一个激动人心的时代。新疗法和策略已在大量不同人群中进行了测试，有助于为护理提供信息；然而，本指南不适用于接受透析的人或接受肾移植的人。该文件对国际考虑因素、整个生命周期的 CKD 非常敏感，并讨论了实施过程中的特殊考虑因素。范围包括专门讨论 CKD 患者的评估和风险评估、延迟 CKD 进展及其并发症的管理、CKD 的药物管理和药物管理以及 CKD 护理的最佳模型的章节。治疗方法和可行的指南建议基于对相关研究的系统回顾以及对证据质量和建议强度的评估，遵循“建议评估、制定和评价分级”(GRADE) 方法。讨论了证据的局限性。该指南还提供了实践要点，用于指导未进行系统评价的临床护理或活动，它包括有用的信息图表并描述了未来的重要研究议程。它针对的是广泛的 CKD 患者及其医疗保健受众，同时注意对政策和支付的影响。