Loose saturated granular materials are particularly susceptible to instability, resulting in deviatoric strain softening, and static liquefaction. When instability occurs in the context of a landslide, the consequences in terms of the mobility of the debris and risk to life and property can be catastrophic. Physical model landslides initiated in a geotechnical centrifuge under rising groundwater conditions were used to trigger instability and static liquefaction. Four experiments with a loose contractile soil and two experiments with a dense dilative soil were performed. The velocity of propagation of the liquefaction front within the loose granular soils at the base of a landslide was quantified using a dense sensor network of pore water pressure sensors and high-speed imaging. On triggering of a landslide, a localized toe failure was observed to shear and liquefy the soil at the base of the landslide. However, the velocity of this initial failure (0.5 m/s) was an order of magnitude slower than the subsequent 4.2 m/s propagation velocity of the liquefaction front. These experiments demonstrated and quantified how a localized failure onto a liquefiable deposit may propagate liquefaction much farther than simply the runout of the localized failure, and highlight the potential implications and consequences of such an occurrence.

中文翻译：

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滑坡引起的液化和覆盖的松散饱和沉积物的夹带的传播速度


松散的饱和颗粒材料特别容易不稳定，导致偏应变软化和静态液化。当山体滑坡发生不稳定时，碎片的移动性以及对生命和财产的风险可能会造成灾难性的后果。在地下水上升的情况下，使用岩土离心机引发的物理模型滑坡被用来触发不稳定和静态液化。进行了四个使用松散收缩土的实验和两个使用致密膨胀土的实验。使用由孔隙水压力传感器和高速成像组成的密集传感器网络，可以量化滑坡底部松散颗粒土壤中液化前沿的传播速度。在引发山体滑坡时，观察到局部趾部破坏导致山体滑坡底部的土壤发生剪切和液化。然而，这种初始破坏的速度 (0.5 m/s) 比液化前沿随后的 4.2 m/s 传播速度慢一个数量级。这些实验证明并量化了可液化沉积物上的局部失效如何将液化传播得比局部失效的简单运行更远，并强调了这种情况的潜在影响和后果。