The continuous advancement of materials and technologies has significantly propelled the progress of human civilization. However, the more humans achieved, the more bottlenecks we encounter which span from space exploration, cutting edge advanced cooling to the clinical therapy of a single malignant tumor. The revolution to break through such barriers lies in the identification of extreme materials that can easily tackle the existing challenges and fundamentally extend the technological boundary, thus potentially leading to the creation of entirely new devices and systems. The emergence of room-temperature liquid metals (LMs) with their unique characteristics and diverse unconventional capabilities distinguished from traditionally developed electrical, soft, and fluidic materials, is anticipated to revolutionize a broad range of interdisciplinary fields. This review is dedicated to extracting the extreme features of LMs and systematizing their distinct applied scenarios from pervasive electronic fabrication to thermal management, and healthcare systems until human-like transformable robotics. The prospects and challenges of LM extreme materials are outlined. It is expected that further investigations on the clarified scientific and technological categories lying behind will contribute well to the next generation human civilization in the coming time.

中文翻译：

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液态金属极限材料


材料和技术的不断进步极大地推动了人类文明的进步。然而，人类取得的成就越多，我们遇到的瓶颈就越多，从太空探索、尖端先进冷却到单一恶性肿瘤的临床治疗。突破这些障碍的革命在于识别极端材料，这些材料可以轻松应对现有挑战并从根本上扩展技术边界，从而有可能创造全新的设备和系统。室温液态金属（LM）的出现以其独特的特性和多样化的非常规能力区别于传统开发的电气、软质和流体材料，预计将彻底改变广泛的跨学科领域。本次综述致力于提取 LM 的极端特征，并将其独特的应用场景系统化，从普遍的电子制造到热管理和医疗保健系统，直到类人的可变形机器人。概述了LM极端材料的前景和挑战。期待对背后理清的科学技术范畴的进一步研究，将为未来人类下一代文明作出贡献。