Real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) technique is an emerging method for investigating the structural dynamic behavior. This technique combines the advantages of numerical simulations with those of physical tests. Traditionally used in earthquake engineering, it is now gaining traction in wind and marine engineering. This study proposes a comprehensive RTHS methodology for monopile-support offshore wind turbines (OWTs, numerical substructure) equipped with vibration control devices (physical substructure). The proposed RTHS framework is characterized by its () multiscale substructures (i.e., full-scale numerical substructure and reduced-scale physical substructure), () fluid–structure coupled numerical simulation (i.e., considering wind-blade and wave-monopile interactions) and () multi-rate numerical calculation. The proposed approach is applied to a 5-MW monopile OWT equipped with a toroidal tuned liquid column damper. Verification tests are conducted to examine the feasibility and validity of the RTHS framework. The influences of wind-blade and wave-monopile interactions are revealed for different loading scenarios.

中文翻译：

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带振动控制装置的单桩风力发电机多尺度流固耦合实时混合仿真

实时混合仿真（RTHS）技术是研究结构动态行为的新兴方法。该技术结合了数值模拟和物理测试的优点。它传统上用于地震工程，现在在风力和海洋工程中越来越受欢迎。本研究提出了一种针对配备振动控制装置（物理子结构）的单桩支撑海上风力发电机（OWT，数字子结构）的综合 RTHS 方法。所提出的 RTHS 框架的特点是 () 多尺度子结构（即全尺度数值子结构和缩小尺度物理子结构）、() 流固耦合数值模拟（即考虑风叶和波浪-单桩相互作用）和()多率数值计算。所提出的方法适用于配备环形调谐液柱阻尼器的 5 MW 单桩 OWT。进行验证测试以检验RTHS框架的可行性和有效性。揭示了不同载荷情况下风叶片和波浪单桩相互作用的影响。