BackgroundStudies on the impact of intermittent fasting on periodontal health are still scarce. Thus, this study evaluated the effects of long‐term intermittent fasting on periodontal health and the subgingival microbiota.MethodsThis pilot study was part of a nonrandomized controlled trial. Overweight/obese participants (n = 14) entered an intermittent fasting program, specifically the 5:2 diet, in which they restricted caloric intake to about a quarter of the normal total daily caloric expenditure for two nonconsecutive days/week. Subjects underwent a thorough clinical and laboratory examination, including an assessment of their periodontal condition, at baseline and 6 months after starting the diet. Additionally, subgingival microbiota was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsAfter 6 months of intermittent fasting, weight, body mass index, C‐reactive protein, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and the cholesterol profile improved significantly (p < 0.05). Moreover, significant reductions were observed in bleeding on probing (p = 0.01) and the presence of shallow periodontal pockets after fasting (p < 0.001), while no significant change was seen in plaque index (p = 0.14). While we did not observe significant changes in α‐ or β‐diversity of the subgingival microbiota related to dietary intervention (p > 0.05), significant differences were seen in the abundances of several taxa among individuals exhibiting ≥60% reduction (good responders) in probing pocket depth of 4–5 mm compared to those with <60% reduction (bad responders).ConclusionIntermittent fasting decreased systemic and periodontal inflammation. Although the subgingival microbiota was unaltered by this intervention, apparent taxonomic variability was observed between good and bad responders.

中文翻译：

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间歇性禁食对牙周炎症和龈下微生物群的影响

背景关于间歇性禁食对牙周健康影响的研究仍然很少。因此，这项研究评估了长期间歇性禁食对牙周健康和龈下微生物群的影响。方法这项初步研究是非随机对照试验的一部分。超重/肥胖参与者（n= 14）进入间歇性禁食计划，特别是 5:2 饮食，其中他们在每周不连续的两天内将热量摄入限制在正常每日总热量支出的四分之一左右。受试者在基线时和开始饮食后 6 个月接受了彻底的临床和实验室检查，包括对其牙周状况的评估。此外，通过 16S rRNA 基因测序评估龈下微生物群。结果间歇性禁食 6 个月后，体重、体重指数、C 反应蛋白、血红蛋白 A1c (HbA1c) 和胆固醇状况显着改善（p< 0.05）。此外，探诊出血显着减少（p= 0.01）以及禁食后存在浅牙周袋（p< 0.001），而菌斑指数（p= 0.14）。虽然我们没有观察到与饮食干预相关的龈下微生物群的 α 或 β 多样性的显着变化（p> 0.05），与那些减少 <60% 的个体（不良反应者）相比，在 4-5 mm 的探查袋深度中表现出 ≥60% 减少（良好反应者）的个体中，几个类群的丰度存在显着差异。结论 间歇性禁食减少了全身和牙周炎症。尽管这种干预措施并未改变龈下微生物群，但在良好反应者和不良反应者之间观察到明显的分类变异。